Active Fault An active fault is a fault

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Active Fault • An active fault is a fault which has had displacement or

Active Fault • An active fault is a fault which has had displacement or seismic activity during the geologically recent period (Holocene Epoch)(during the last 11, 000 or so years before present). Ex San Andres fault • Master fault : between major tectonic plates, ~100 km, 8 mag earthquake, displacement ~10 m • Major fault : ~10 km, 6. 5 to 7 mag, • Local Fault: <10 km, 6 to 6. 5 mag Refer to your B. Sc. notes

Features of Active faults How Do Geologists Find Quaternary-Active Faults? • • • Stream

Features of Active faults How Do Geologists Find Quaternary-Active Faults? • • • Stream Ponding He, Rn emissions Sharp bend along river course Displacement of Quaternary formations LIDAR

Linear valley Sap Pond Offset of drainage

Linear valley Sap Pond Offset of drainage

The newest tool to find active faults is Laser Imaging Detection And Ranging (LIDAR),

The newest tool to find active faults is Laser Imaging Detection And Ranging (LIDAR), which uses laser light projected from an airplane to make a detailed image of the ground surface, even through trees in a forest.

San Andres Fault

San Andres Fault

Passive/dead/inactive Fault • Movement has not occurred in man’s history • Mature topography •

Passive/dead/inactive Fault • Movement has not occurred in man’s history • Mature topography • No seismic potential at present geodynamic condition, may reactivate with changing tectonic conditions • Ex Vakra thrust, Upper Siwalik Boulder Conglo not affected by this fault • Vakra dam situated on Vakra thrust

Fault identification and characterization • Collect all relevant data from remote sensing, and any

Fault identification and characterization • Collect all relevant data from remote sensing, and any other sources • Prepare fracture/lineament map • Integrate with other information • Characterization – Known fault (established) – Capable (active) fault = seismic potential – Probable (inferred) fault – Dead (dormant) fault = zero seismic potential

Normal Fault Normal Fault A normal fault actsNormal Fault Normal Fault A normal fault acts
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