Active Directory Sites Network Subnet Recommendations Allowed Subnet
Active Directory Sites
Network Subnet Recommendations Allowed Subnet 1 Subnet 3 Subnet 2 Subnet 4 Blocked
Cross-Datacenter Network Configuration
Site Resilience Models
Namespace Planning
Leverage Split-brain DNS
What does the namespace design look like? External DNS Mail. contoso. com Pop. contoso. com Imap. contoso. com Autodiscover. contoso. com Smtp. contoso. com External DNS Mail. region. contoso. com Pop. region. contoso. com Imap. region. contoso. com Smtp. region. contoso. com External. URL = mail. contoso. com CAS Array = outlook. contoso. com External. URL = mail. region. contoso. com Datacenter 1 Datacenter 2 OA endpoint = mail. contoso. com Internal DNS Mail. contoso. com Pop. contoso. com Imap. contoso. com Autodiscover. contoso. com Smtp. contoso. com Outlook. contoso. com CAS Array = outlook. region. contoso. com OA endpoint = mail. region. contoso. com CAS HT HT CAS AD MBX AD Internal DNS Mail. region. contoso. com Pop. region. contoso. com Imap. region. contoso. com Smtp. region. contoso. com Outlook. region. contoso. com
Certificate Planning
User Distribution Models
Client Access Arrays
Database Copies
Lagged Database Copies
Controlling Database Copy Activation
Sizing
Planning for Quorum Votes = 52 3 (No Majority) (Majority)
Planning for Quorum Votes = 5 4 7 (Majority)
Sizing
Active/Active User Distribution Sizing
Active/Active User Distribution Sizing
Two Failure Models
It’s all in the layout Server 1 Server 2 Server 3 Server 4 Server 5 Server 6 Server 7 Server 8 DB 1 DB 6 DB 11 DB 16 DB 21 DB 26 DB 31 DB 36 DB 2 DB 7 DB 12 DB 17 DB 22 DB 27 DB 32 DB 37 DB 3 DB 8 DB 13 DB 18 DB 23 DB 28 DB 33 DB 38 DB 4 DB 9 DB 14 DB 19 DB 24 DB 29 DB 34 DB 39 DB 5 DB 10 DB 15 DB 20 DB 25 DB 30 DB 35 DB 40 DB 36’ DB 31’ DB 26’ DB 21’ DB 16’ DB 11’ DB 6’ DB 1’ DB 37’ DB 32’ DB 27’ DB 22’ DB 17’ DB 12’ DB 7’ DB 2’ DB 38’ DB 33’ DB 28’ DB 23’ DB 18’ DB 13’ DB 8’ DB 39’ DB 34’ DB 29’ DB 24’ DB 19’ DB 14’ DB 9’ DB 40’ DB 35’ DB 30’ DB 25’ DB 20’ DB 15’ DB 10’ DB 5’
It’s all in the layout Server 1 Server 2 Server 3 Server 4 Server 5 Server 6 Server 7 Server 8 DB 1 DB 6 DB 11 DB 16 DB 21 DB 26 DB 31 DB 36 DB 2 DB 7 DB 12 DB 17 DB 22 DB 27 DB 32 DB 37 DB 3 DB 8 DB 13 DB 18 DB 23 DB 28 DB 33 DB 38 DB 4 DB 9 DB 14 DB 19 DB 24 DB 29 DB 34 DB 39 DB 5 DB 10 DB 15 DB 20 DB 25 DB 30 DB 35 DB 40 DB 36’ DB 31’ DB 26’ DB 21’ DB 16’ DB 11’ DB 6’ DB 1’ DB 37’ DB 32’ DB 27’ DB 22’ DB 17’ DB 12’ DB 7’ DB 2’ DB 38’ DB 33’ DB 28’ DB 23’ DB 18’ DB 13’ DB 8’ DB 39’ DB 34’ DB 29’ DB 24’ DB 19’ DB 14’ DB 9’ DB 40’ DB 35’ DB 30’ DB 25’ DB 20’ DB 15’ DB 10’ DB 5’
It’s all in the layout Server 1 Server 2 Server 3 Server 4 Server 5 Server 6 Server 7 Server 8 DB 1 DB 6 DB 11 DB 16 DB 21 DB 26 DB 31 DB 36 DB 2 DB 7 DB 12 DB 17 DB 22 DB 27 DB 32 DB 37 DB 3 DB 8 DB 13 DB 18 DB 23 DB 28 DB 33 DB 38 DB 4 DB 9 DB 14 DB 19 DB 24 DB 29 DB 34 DB 39 DB 5 DB 10 DB 15 DB 20 DB 25 DB 30 DB 35 DB 40 DB 36’ DB 31’ DB 26’ DB 21’ DB 16’ DB 11’ DB 6’ DB 1’ DB 37’ DB 32’ DB 27’ DB 22’ DB 17’ DB 12’ DB 7’ DB 2’ DB 38’ DB 33’ DB 28’ DB 23’ DB 18’ DB 13’ DB 8’ DB 39’ DB 34’ DB 29’ DB 24’ DB 19’ DB 14’ DB 9’ DB 40’ DB 35’ DB 30’ DB 25’ DB 20’ DB 15’ DB 10’ DB 5’
It’s all in the layout Server 1 Server 2 Server 3 Server 4 Server 5 Server 6 Server 7 Server 8 DB 1 DB 6 DB 11 DB 16 DB 21 DB 26 DB 31 DB 36 DB 2 DB 7 DB 12 DB 17 DB 22 DB 27 DB 32 DB 37 DB 3 DB 8 DB 13 DB 18 DB 23 DB 28 DB 33 DB 38 DB 4 DB 9 DB 14 DB 19 DB 24 DB 29 DB 34 DB 39 DB 5 DB 10 DB 15 DB 20 DB 25 DB 30 DB 35 DB 40 DB 36’ DB 31’ DB 26’ DB 21’ DB 16’ DB 11’ DB 6’ DB 1’ DB 37’ DB 32’ DB 27’ DB 22’ DB 17’ DB 12’ DB 7’ DB 2’ DB 38’ DB 33’ DB 28’ DB 23’ DB 18’ DB 13’ DB 8’ DB 39’ DB 34’ DB 29’ DB 24’ DB 19’ DB 14’ DB 9’ DB 40’ DB 35’ DB 30’ DB 25’ DB 20’ DB 15’ DB 10’ DB 5’
It’s all in the layout DB 1 DB 4’’ DB 7’ Server 1 DB 2 DB 3 DB 5’’ DB 6’ DB 9’’ DB 10’ DB 4 DB 1’ DB 8’ Server 2 DB 5 DB 6 DB 3’’ DB 7’’ DB 11’ DB 12’’ Server 3 DB 7 DB 8 DB 9 DB 2’’ DB 3’ DB 4’ DB 10’’ DB 11’’ DB 12’ DB 10 DB 1’’ DB 6’’ Server 4 DB 11 DB 12 DB 2’ DB 5’ DB 8’’ DB 9’
It’s all in the layout – Over Subscription SP 1 includes a script to provide automated load balancing (Redistribute. Active. Databases. ps 1)
It’s all in the layout – Over Subscription
It’s all in the layout
Storage Architecture 2 HA Copies (Total) 3+ HA Copies (Total) 2+ HA Copies / Datacenter 1 Lagged Copy 2+ Lagged Copies / Datacenter Primary Datacenter Servers RAID or JBOD RAID or JBOD Secondary Datacenter Servers RAID or JBOD RAID or JBOD
Database Copy Selection Concerns
Replication Concerns SP 1 adds continuous replication block mode Reduces the exposure of data loss on failure by replicating to passive copies all logs writes in parallel to them being locally persisted Only active when replication is up-to-date in terms of copying complete logs
Content Indexing Concerns
Replication Networks
Small Scale Architectures Hardware Licensing 2 physical servers (all-in-one)* Requires Hardware Load Less licenses Balancer 2 physical server architecture utilizing Hyper-V (role separation via VMs)* Less hardware More Exchange licenses 4 physical servers (role separation – 2 MBX, 2 HT/CAS) More hardware More Exchange and Windows licenses
Typical Outlook Behavior
Outlook – Cross-Site DB *over Experience
Cross-Site DB *over (Direct Connect) Home Server = CAS-PRI RPCClient. Access. Server = CAS-PRI Cross Site Connections = Allowed
Cross-Site DB *over when RPCClient. Access. Server changes Outlook 2003 can’t update if source CAS is unavailable Autodiscover detects profile change but anddoes updates the profile change not update the to use new CAS array profile to use new the (requires RPC CAS restart) array value Outlook continues to use existing Home Server defined in the profile (CAS-PRI) Autodiscover detects profile change butand does updates the profile to use not update profile to new (requires use. CAS newarray the RPC CAS restart) array value After *over, manually change RPCClient. Access. Server = CAS-SEC
Other Clients In-Site *Over Scenario Out-of-Site *Over Scenario Datacenter Switchover OWA Reconnect Manual Redirect Reconnect OA Reconnect EAS Reconnect / Autodiscover Redirect or proxy POP/IMAP Reconnect Proxy Reconnect EWS Reconnect Autodiscover N/A Seamless Reconnect SMTP / Powershell N/A Reconnect
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