Active Directories Purpose and Structure Chrystom Ciganko IFMG
- Slides: 20
Active Directories: Purpose and Structure Chrystom Ciganko IFMG 352 Final Presentation
What is Active Directory? Directory service used to store information about objects within a domain, to organize these objects, and to centralize a network
Goals of AD High Scalability Compatibility with older NOS's Administration is simplified
DNS Absolutely vital for AD Must be correctly configured or AD will not work AD's locating server All servers must be registered in the DNS Points the user (unaware) to the proper authentication server for login
Standards used by AD Kerberos for authentication X. 500 for structure X. 509 for cert-based authentication DNS for ease of machine communication LDAP for authorization
Active Directory structure Hierarchical framework of objects Objects: Uniquely identified by: Resources(printers) Services(Email) Users(accounts and groups) Name Attributes Defined by: Schema Determines kinds of objects within the Active Directory
Methods of structure Order of the levels Forest – the entire collection of all objects Contains all trust-linked trees Tree – collection of all domains Domain – collection of most objects Objects can be contained in Organizational Units(OU's) Can assign Group Policy Objects(GPO's) Flow down to users/groups
Forest Compilation of Trees Contains single Root-Tree First Domain installed 100% required Sub-Trees must be added to the Root-Tree or no Forest is created
Tree Hierarchal structure of Domains Transitive Trusts Type of trust that is extended beyond two domains to other trusted domains in the tree Sub-Domains must be added to the Root. Domain or there's no tree
Domain Building block for AD Created by Domain Controllers (DC's) Controller of System Policies Administration Traffic
Schema Definition of all the AD's Attributes Syntaxes Object-type or classes Only one consistent Schema per Forest Can be matched with a Database Schema
Server roles Domain Controller Flexible single master operation (FSMO) Specialized DC tasks Primary Domain Controller (PDC) Backup Domain Controller (BDC) Global Catalog Member Server
Domain Controller Requirement for AD Control Schema, Configuration, and Domain partitions Schema: Defines object classes within Forest Configuration: Defines physical structure(topology) Domain: Contains objects within the domain All DC's Schema and Configuration partitions within Forest are sync'd Domain partition only sync'd with other DC's within that domain
Organizational Units (OU's) Carry out the structure within the Domain Are not assigned the specific rights Used for administrative reasons Can be nested if needed
Multi-domain forests Knowledge Consistency Checker(KCC) Creation of replication topology Again, DC's only sync with DC's Global catalog (GC) servers Contained within a DC Create global listing of all objects within all domains
Global Catalog Server Required for logon Contains copy of all Objects for the entire Forest Answers AD search requests
Uses of AD Update all computers by updating an object within the forest or tree Managing user groups Grant access to particular users Deny access (deny always overrides grant)
Example of domain users/groups
Resources http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Active_Directory http: //www. tech-faq. com/active-directory. shtml http: //searchwindowsserver. techtarget. com/gen eric/0, 295582, sid 68_gci 1050336, 00. html http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/FSMO
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