Acids Lesson 1 Acid and Base Properties Properties

Acids Lesson 1 Acid and Base Properties

Properties of Acids Neutralize bases Are electrolytes that conduct electricity Change litmus paper red Taste sour React with metals such as Mg and Zn to make H 2

Properties of Bases Are electrolytes that conduct electricity Neutralize acids Change litmus paper blue Feel slippery Taste bitter

Arrhenius acid HCl Arrhenius base Na. OH Chemistry 11 H+ + produces H+ in solution Cl- Chemistry 11 Na+ + OH- produces OH- in solution

Bronsted Acid Chemistry 12 A proton donor H+ HCl + H 2 O H 3 O+ + Cl- strong Bronsted Base NH 3 Chemistry 12 + H+ H 2 O ⇄ weak A proton acceptor NH 4+ + OH-

Write a Bronsted reaction for the weak base HCO 3 - H+ HCO 3 - + base HCO 3 - and H 2 CO 3 H+ H 2 O acid ⇄ H 2 CO 3 + acid H 2 O and OH- Conjugate acid base pairs differ by one proton H+ OHbase

Note 1. Arrhenius bases dissociate in water to produce OH- 2. Bronsted bases accept a proton from water to produce OH- 3. Arrhenius acids dissociate in water to form H+ 4. Bronsted acids donate a proton to water to form H 3 O+ 5. H+ is the same as H 3 O+

H+ is another way to show H 3 O+. H+ + H 2 O ⇋ Hydronium ion + H+ H 2 O H 3 O+

Conjugate Acid One more H+ Conjugate Base 1 less H+ C 6 H 5 OH C 6 H 5 O - H 2 CO 3 HCO 3 - H 2 O OH- HPO 42 - PO 43 - H 2 PO 4 - HPO 42 - C 6 H 5 COOH C 6 H 5 COO- NH 4+ NH 3 Fe(H 2 O)63+ Fe(H 2 O)5(OH)2+ Look on page 6

Strong Acids Weak Acids

Strong Acids Left side Acid Chart top six Completely ionize in water Are good conductors. Produce large amounts of H 3 O+. Have very large Ka’s. Use a “ ” and not “⇄” HCl + H 2 O H 3 O+ + Cl-

Weak Acids Left side of the Acid Chart below the top six. Do not completely ionize in water. Are poor conductors. Produce small amounts of H 3 O+. Have small Ka’s. Use a “⇄” and not “ ” HF + H 2 O ⇄ H 3 O+ + F Ka = [H 3 O+][F-] = 3. 5 x 10 -4 [HF] Water is not included because it is a pure liquid! Its concentration is constant! from page 6

You can also write: HF ⇌ H+ + Ka = [H+][F-] F= [HF] 3. 5 x 10 -4

Writing Ionic Equations: Formula, Complete, and Net. HCl + Na. OH Na. Cl + H 2 O(l) H+ + Cl- + Na+ + OH- Na+ + Cl- + H 2 O(l) H+ + OH- H 2 O(l) Do not break up weak acids or bases! HF HF + + K+ HF KOH KF + OH- K+ + OH- + + F- HF is a weak acid H 2 O(l) F+ + H 2 O(l)