Acids Bases Salts Naming Acids Binary acids Hydrofirst
Acids, Bases & Salts
Naming Acids • Binary acids – Hydro(first syllable of element)ic acid • Ternary acids – Replace PAI suffix –ate with –ic – Replace PAI suffix –ite with –ous
Name that Acid • • • HF HBr HNO 3 H 2 SO 4 H 3 PO 4 CH 3 COOH We will work mainly with the –ic acids, but you should know that the others exist.
Definitions of Acids • Arrhenius Acids –Ionize to form H+ in water • Brønsted-Lowry Acids –Proton donor HCl + H 2 O H 3 O+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
? water hydrogen ion “proton” hydronium ion
Ionization of Acids CH 3 COOH + H 2 O H 3 PO 4 + 3 H 2 O O+ H 3 (aq) + - CH 3 COO (aq) 3 H 3 O+(aq) + PO 4 -3(aq) 1 H+ = Monoprotic 2 H+ = Diprotic 3 H+ = Triprotic
Acid? Yes or No • H 2 CO 3 • KH • CH 3 OH • KI An Acid must ionize with H+ as the only positive ion in soln
Acids are electrolytes • …because they ionize in water – The more ions, the stronger the electrolyte – Strong acids completely ionize • Form lots of ions – Weaker acids do not
Ka • Acid dissociation constant • Stronger acids –larger Ka
. . . Other Acid Characteristics • Acids change the colors of indicators – blue litmus changes to red • p. H < 7 can be neutralized by bases • Dilute acids taste sour
Characteristics of Bases • Arrhenius Base – Defined as a substance that provides OH- ions to solution • BrØnsted-Lowry Base – proton acceptor – Ex: NH 3 + H 2 O NH 4+ + OH-
Naming Bases • Name the ca+ion • all bases end in hydroxide • KOH • Mg(OH)2 • NH 4 OH Exception?
Base ionization Na. OH Na+ + OH - Metal ion Group 1 hydroxides are your strongest bases. NH 4 OH NH 4+ + OH Polyatomic Ion -
• Feel Slippery ex. soap • Taste bitter Bases never contain carbon ex. soap • Change the colors of indicators – Phenolphthalein – Red litmus turns blue • p. H > 7 can be neutralized by acids
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