Acids Bases and Salts What is a Solution

Acids, Bases, and Salts

What is a Solution? l Solution – A MIXTURE of two substances where one dissolves in another l l Solute = The part that dissolves Solvent = The part that does the dissolving l Usually Water (universal solvent)

Other Combinations l l Colloid – A homogeneous mixture of two substances where you can still detect the ‘solute’ Suspension – A mixture where the ‘solute’ is still visible, and unaffected

What is an Acid? l Acids are COMPOUNDS l Solid/Liquid/Gas l Acids taste SOUR l Acids dissolve metal to create H 2

Why Do They Burn? l Acids absorb water l l This reaction produces A LOT of heat Your body contains A LOT of water l Do the math

Examples of Acids l Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) l l Stomach Acid Sulfuric Acid (H 2 SO 4) l Poor Little Willy l Nitric Acid (HNO 3) l What do you notice about these chemical formulas?

Household Acids l Vinegar l l Lemon Juice l l Acetic Acid HC 2 H 3 O 2 Citric Acid H 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 Vitamin C l Ascorbic Acid H 2 C 6 H 6 O 6

How do acids taste? A. ) sweet B. ) hot C. ) sour D. ) like cherries

Acids dissolve metal and create. . . A. ) hydrogen gas B. ) oxygen gas C. ) nitrogen gas D. ) helium gas

Which of the following is NOT an acid? A. ) vinegar B. ) vitamin C C. ) lemon juice D. ) pure water

What type of acid aids in the digestion of food? A. ) acetic acid B. ) nitric acid C. ) hydrochloric acid D. ) sulfuric acid

Bases

What is a Base? l Bases are COMPOUNDS l Bases taste bitter l Bases feel slippery l Usually used as cleaners

Bases Burn Too? l If acids burn, then bases are safe…right? l l Bases are just as dangerous Bases react with water to make heat too

Examples of Bases l Ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH) l l Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 l l Milk of magnesia Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 l l Ammonia limewater What do you notice about these formulas?

Household Bases l Soap l Bleach l Toothpaste l Blood l Antacids l TUMS, Rolaids, etc.

Which of the following is most likely a base? A. ) shampoo B. ) lemon juice C. ) vinegar D. ) tap water

What is the most common use for a base? A. ) burn metal B. ) cleaning tool C. ) cook food D. ) burn your eyes

How do bases feel? A. ) soft B. ) hard C. ) slippery D. ) rough

How do bases taste? A. ) sour B. ) bitter C. ) sweet D. ) like chicken

Neutral Stuff & Indicators

Neutral Stuff l Not an acid or a base l Example: PURE water l l l Tap water is slightly an acid Rain is an acid Pool water is a base

Indicators l Indicator – A substance that changes color to tell you if something is an acid or a base

Litmus Paper l l l Turns RED in an acid Turns BLUE in a base Stays the same in a neutral substance

Cabbage Juice l l l Turns PINK in an acid Turns GREEN in a base Stays the same in a neutral substance