Acids And Bases 8 2 Acids a substance
Acids And Bases 8. 2
Acids – a substance that produces hydrogen ions in a water solution. H+ When the acid dissolves in water H+ ions interact with the water to form H 30+ which are called hydronium ions.
Properties of Acids Tastes Sour Acids are Corrosive Can react strongly with some metals
Common Acids Acetic Acid – vinegar Acetlysalicylic acid – aspirin Carbonic acid – carbonated drinks Hydrochloric acid – stomach acid Sulfuric acid – car batteries
Bases are identified by the production of a hydroxide ion in a water solution. OH-
Properties of Bases They complement or are the opposites of acids. Bases are crystalline solids when not dissolved Base solutions feel slippery and have a bitter taste Can be corrosive and cause severe burns
Common Bases Aluminum Hydroxide - Antacid Magnesium Hydroxide – laxative Sodium Hydroxide – Soap Ammonia – Cleaners and Fertilizers
p. H – the measure of the concentration of H+ ions in a solution The greater the H+ concentration is the lower the p. H and indicates a acidic solution The lower the H+ concentration is the higher the p. H and indicates a basic solution 7 is considered neutral. The scale goes from 1 to 14.
Identifying Acids and Bases Indicators – an organic compound that changes color in acid and base.
Identifying Acids and Bases Litmus Paper – Blue litmus paper turns red under acidic conditions (p. H below 4. 5) Red litmus paper turns blue under alkaline conditions (p. H above 8. 3) p. H Paper – turns a different color depending on p. H
Identifying Acids and Bases Natural p. H indicators Red Cabbage Red Beets Some Berries Some Flowers
Hydrangea
Neutralization – a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that takes place in a water solution. Typically creates a more mild p. H HCl + Na. HCO 3 Na. Cl + CO 2 + H 2 O Can you think of where this reaction would be helpful?
Neutralization Heartburn - Antacid
Salts Salt – a compound formed when negatrive ions from an acid combine with the positive ions from a base acid + base salt + water HCl + Ca(OH)2 Ca. Cl 2 + H 2 O What is the acid? __________ What is the base? __________ What is the salt? __________
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