AcidBase Equilibrium BUFFERS Mixtures of a weak acid

Acid-Base Equilibrium BUFFERS Mixtures of a weak acid & its conjugate base Eg. CH 3 COOH + H 2 O �CH 3 COO + H 3 O+ Dr. Ron Rusay Or: mixtures of a weak base & its conjugate acid

BUFFERS Weak Acid-Weak Base Systems Example: H 2 CO 3(aq) / HCO 3 -1(aq) / CO 3 -2(aq) CO 2(g) + H 2 O (l) �HCO 3 -1(aq) + H+1(aq) � CO 3 -2(aq) + H+1(aq) https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=XR_0 k 8 JIaw. Y https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ZLKEj. Xb. CU 30

QUESTION In the following equilibrium: HCO 3 - (aq) + H 2 O (l) �H 2 CO 3 (aq) + OH- (aq) A) HCO 3 - is an acid and H 2 CO 3 is its conjugate base. B) H 2 O is an acid and OH- is its conjugate base. C) HCO 3 - is an acid and OH- is its conjugate base. D) H 2 O is an acid and H 2 CO 3 is its conjugate base. E) H 2 O is an acid and HCO 3 - is its conjugate base.

H 2 CO 3(aq) / HCO 3 -1(aq) / CO 3 -2(aq) Two VERY IMPORTANT Buffer Systems “Bicarbonate” CO 2(g) + H 2 O (l) �HCO 3 -1(aq) + H+1(aq) � CO 3 -2(aq) + H+1(aq) 1. Blood: a human’s blood serum volume is relatively small, 4 -6 Liters with a narrow p. H range, p. H = 7. 35 – 7. 45; p. H is maintained through buffering (homeostasis) Have you ever had respiratory alkalosis during an exam? 2. Oceans: an extraordinarily large volume of a “salt water” solution with a p. H ~ 8. 1; maintained through buffering

Human & Oceanic Bicarbonate Buffer Systems http: //chemconnections. org/general/chem 121/Buffers-Med. Pres. htm http: //chemconnections. org/general/chem 121/Buffers-CO 2 Oceans-2011. htm

EQUILIBRIUM CO 2 & Oceanic Bicarbonate Buffering CO 2(g) + H 2 O (l) �HCO 3 -1(aq) + H+1(aq) � CO 3 -2(aq) + H+1(aq) Oceans: p. H ~ 8. 1 and falling http: //www. tos. org/oceanography/issues/issue_archive/22_4. html Increasing CO 2 is decreasing ocean p. H; long term effects? http: //sos. noaa. gov/datasets/Ocean/ocean_acidification. html

Bicarbonate Buffer Systems HCO 3 -1 CO 3 -2 acid CO 3 -2 HCO 3 -1 CO 3 -2 HCO 3 -1 conj. base CO 3 -2 HCO 3 -1 CO 3 -2

Calcium Carbonate Marble / Shells / Coral (Reaction with Acid) https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=TJYOx. GHNTzg CO 3 -2 (aq) + 2 H+(aq) CO 2 (g) + H 2 O (l) Ca. CO 3 (s) + 2 H+(aq) CO 2 (g) + H 2 O (l) + Ca+2(aq) � � https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Hw. Dyn_ZPVvw

Coral Reefs & Marine Animals https: //www. nhm. ac. uk/discover/quick-questions/howdoes-ocean-acidification-affect-marine-life. html

https: //www. carbonbrief. org/ocean-acidifiction-decline-of-great-barrierreef-likely-to-be-worse-than-feared

Great Barrier Reef Queensland, Australia Largest coral reef system composed of over 2, 900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over 2, 300 kilometres over an area of approximately 134, 634 mi² 344, 400 km². The reef is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland, Australia. https: //www. carbonbrief. org/ocean-acidifiction-decline-of-great-barrierreef-likely-to-be-worse-than-feared

Energy (Carbon) (CO 2) Global Warming (Carbon) Economy (Jobs) https: //www. co 2. earth/ (CO 2)

EARTH DAY April 21, 1970 https: //www. nytimes. com/2020/04/21/climate/NYT-first-earth-day. html

EARTH DAY April 21, 1970 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Bq. A 1 i. XYFRIU&feature=emb_title

EARTH DAY April 21, 2020 10 positive changes 10 negative changes https: //www. nytimes. com/interactive/2020/climate/earth-dayhistory. html? action=click&module=Top%20 Stories&pgtype=Homepage

CLIMATE CHANGE April 21, 2020 https: //www. nytimes. com/interactive/2020/04/19/climate-crash-course-2. html

https: //www. montereybayaquarium. org/stories/celebrate-earthweek/? utm_source=wordfly&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=General. Earth. Week&utm_content=version_A&plankton=0

http: //chemconnections. org/general/chem 108/Global%20 warming%20&%20 Carb on%20 Footprint. 2020. pdf Bonus Due 20 -May