Acid Base Chemistry The Electrolyte family Acid Base

Acid Base Chemistry

The Electrolyte family Acid Base Salt (Water) Electrolytes conduct electricity

Properties of Acids Conduct electricity Sour taste Cause indicators to change color

Properties of Acids React with bases to form salt and water React with metals to form hydrogen gas and a salt H 2 p. H < 7 Na. Cl

Properties of Bases Conduct electricity Bitter taste Cause indicators to change color

Properties of Bases React with acids to form salt and water Have a slippery or soapy feel p. H > 7

Properties of Salts • Ionic compounds (metal + nonmetal) or polyatomic ions (Table E) • Aqueous solutions conduct electricity • Molten phase conducts electricity • Solid phase does NOT conduct

Arrhenius Acid DEFINITION: A substance whose water solution contains hydrogen ion H+ as the only positive ion in the solution HCl H+ + Cl-

What is going on? Recall that a H atom has only one proton and one electron. Therefore…… H+ is really just a proton

What is going on? What will happen to the H+ in water H 20? (remember, water is polar…)

Hydronium Ion H 3 O+ In an acid solution, there are no free H+ ions. They all attach to the H 2 O molecules to make H 3 O+

Hydronium Ion

So an Arrhenius acid really forms like this…. HCl + H 2 O H 3 O + + Cl-

Table K: Acids HCl HNO 3 H 2 SO 4 H 3 PO 4 H 2 CO 3 HC 2 H 3 O 2 hydrochloric nitric sulfuric phosphoric carbonic acetic monoprotic diprotic triprotic

Ways to write an acid HCl (aq) H+ + Cl. H 3 O+ + Cl-

Arrhenius Base DEFINITION: A substance whose water solution contains hydroxide ion (OH)- as the only negative ion in the solution Na. OH (aq) Na+ + (OH)-

Table L Bases Na. OH sodium hydroxide mono hydroxic KOH potassium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide di hydroxic NH 3(aq) aqueous ammonia (NH 3 + H 2 O NH 4 OH(aq))

Water can be both an acid and a base!! H 2 O H+ + (OH)-

Strong acids All (100%) of the H ionize to H+ HCL, H 2 SO 4, HNO 3 are all strong acids

Strong Bases All (100%) of the OH ionize to (OH)- Na. OH and KOH are strong bases

WEAK acids and bases Not all the hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions come off (ionize) in solution Carbonic acid and Phosphoric acids are weak