Accounting for Managers Module 1 Whole Numbers Fractions

Accounting for Managers Module 1: Whole Numbers, Fractions, Decimals, Percents and Problem Solving

Whole Number Calculations

Place Value in Whole Numbers • • The value of of a digit depends on position, or place, in a number Place values are separated into groups of three, called periods (ones, thousands, millions, billions, etc)

Rounding Whole Numbers • Numbers are rounded to a specific place value depending on how much accuracy is needed. • Number lines are helpful in visualizing and understanding the rounding process. 1. Locate the given place value. All digits to the left of that place value do not change. 2. Underline the digit to the right of the given place value. 3. Determine if this digit is greater than or equal to 5. -Yes: add 11 to the digit in the given place value -No: do not change the digit in the given place value 4. Replace all digits to the right of the given place value with zeros.

Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Whole Numbers 1. Addition 2. Subtraction 3. Multiplication 4. Dividing

Fraction Calculation

Convert Between Types of Fractions Mixed numbers to improper fractions: 1. Multiply the whole number by the denominator. 2. Add the value to the numerator (this becomes the numerator of the improper fraction). 3. Place the denominator of the mixed number in the denominator of the improper fraction.

Adding and Subtracting Fractions • • Addition and subtraction of fractions with common denominators. Addition and subtraction of fractions with different denominators Finding the least common denominator of two fractions Equivalent fractions property

Multiplying and Dividing Fractions •

Decimal Calculations

Place Value in Decimals • • Writing a number with a decimal is known as decimal notation. Just as counting numbers are based on powers of 10, decimals are in powers of 10.

Adding and Subtracting Decimals Add or Subtract Decimals: 1. Write the numbers vertically so the decimal points line up. 2. Use zeros as placeholders, as needed. 3. Add or subtract the numbers as if they were whole numbers. Then place the decimal in the answer under the decimal points in the given numbers.

Multiplying and Dividing Decimals • • In many fields its common to multiply decimals by powers of 10 Multiplying decimals is much like multiplying whole numbers- you just need to figure out where to put the decimal place. This holds true for division as well.

Convert Between Decimals and Fractions • • • We often need to rewrite decimals as fractions or mixed numbers. We convert decimals to fractions by identifying the place value of the farthest right digit. It is useful to convert between fractions and decimals when we need to add or subtract numbers in different forms.

Percent Calculations

Solving Problems Using Ratios •

Writing Fractions and Decimals Using Percents •

Solving Problems Using Percents percent x base = amount Percent problems involve three quantities: 1. The base amount (the whole) 2. The percent 3. And the amount (a part of the whole or partial amount). The amount is a percent of the base.

Percent Increase and Decrease • • • Percent change refers to either percent increase or percent decrease depending on how the number has gained or lost value or magnitude. Statistical increases and decreases are often expressed as percents. In business, data is also usually expressed in percent change.

Quick Review Adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing, and manipulating: • • • Fractions Decimals Percents Ratios Percent Increase and Decrease