Accessibility z Web should be usable by everyone
Accessibility z. Web should be usable by everyone This includes users with: z. Vision impairments z. Hearing impairments z. Mobility impairments
Statistics z 8 million people with visual impairments z 20 million deaf or hard-of hearing z 250, 000 with spinal cord injuries z 500, 000 with cerebral palsy z 330, 000 with MS z. More that half US population over 65 has some type of impairment
Issues involving Vision z. Web very visually oriented z. Significant challenges z. Severity ranges from total blindness to low vision z. Color blindness z. Visual Stimuli
Information Delivery z. Information display on traditional monitor not available to users with visual impairments Two assistive technologies: z. Screen Readers z. Refreshable Braille displays
Screen readers Reads text component of web screen Includes: z. Links z. Menus z. Dialog Boxes z. Error Messages
Screen Readers z. Several vendors offer screen readers z. Prices range from $300 to $1000 z. Page must be reformatted to support screen readers z. HTML “lang” attribute controls language page will be read in
Refreshable Braille Display z. For people who are deaf as well as blind screen readers do not work. z. Translates text of page into Braille z. Single line of Braille text z. Prices range from $4500 to $14, 500
Grade II Braille
Refreshable Braille Display
Reformatting Text z. For screen readers to work text of page must be formatted to support linear delivery z. Tabular data z. Label for Elements z. Skip navigation z. Alt Tags for images
Tabular Data
Markup Strategy for Tables <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th id="c 1"> Course </th> <th id="c 2"> Time </th> <th id="c 3"> Day </th> <th id="c 4"> Prerequisiste </th> <th id="c 5"> Instructor </th> <tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td headers="c 1">211</td> <td headers="c 2"> 11: 30 pm -1: 00 pm</td> <td headers="c 3">MW</td> <td headers="c 4">None</td> <td headers="c 5">Mc. Donald</td> </tr> <td headers="c 1">211</td> <td headers="c 2"> 10: 30 am - 12: 00 pm</td> <td headers="c 3">TR</td> <td headers="c 4">None</td> <td headers="c 5">Luecking</td> </tr> <td headers="c 1">212</td> <td headers="c 2">5: 45 pm - 9: 00 pm</td> <td headers="c 3">M</td> <td headers="c 4">211</td> <td headers="c 5">Carter</td> </tr> <td headers="c 1">212</td> <td headers="c 2">11: 30 pm - 1: 00 pm</td> <td headers="c 3">TR</td> <td headers="c 4">211</td> <td headers="c 5">Chan</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Label Elements of Forms <form action="Billing Info" method="post"> <fieldset> <legend class-"Title. Large"><b>Billing Information</b></legend><p> <label for="firstname">First name (required): </label> <input id="firstname" type="text" tabindex="1"></p><p> <label for="lastname">Last name(required): </label> <input id="lastname" type="text" tabindex="2"></p> </fieldset> </form>
Skip Navigation
Normal Page
Alt Tags (None)
Alt Tags (Descriptive)
Other Vision Issues z. Screen Magnifiers z. Color Blindness: y 8% male population y 0. 5% Female population y. Most common red/green z. Photo Sensitive Epilepsy
Color Blindness This is an Ishihara plate commonly used to check for red/green color blindness
Color Blindness This is what a red/green color-blind person might see. Note that the digit (3) is practically invisible.
Mobility Impairments z. Conditions with affect use of keyboard and mouse z. Might be difficult, Might be impossible z. Predictive typing z. Speech recognition z. Alternative input technology
Hearing Impairments Few more issues: z. Captioned media z. Open or Closed captioning z. American Sign Language
Web Accessibility Initiative z. Promote usability for people with disabilities z. Goal of Universal Access z. Set of guidelines which address 2 themes: y. Graceful Translation y. Make content understandable and navigable
Web Accessibility Initiative Guidelines
Globalization z. Web is growing all over world z. Number of Non English speaking users rapidly increasing z. Usability issues involve use of language and culture z. This processes is called globalization
Global User Population
Internationalization z. Internationalization single design used world wide z. Simpler text z. Unambiguous display of number, currency, dates, and times z. Isolate and remove culturally specific language
Localization z. Added cultural context z. Translation of web page into local language z. Relevant content
Text and Translation z. Translation: human or automatic? z. Attention to writing style z. Expression of dates, times z. Express currency in local terms z. Label units of measurements
Languages Can Expand Labels
Page Layout z. Unicode for character support z. Color issues z. Icon issues (including flags) z. Text Alignment (left vs. right)
International User Testing z. International and local sites need user testing z. More involved than traditional z. Test success of translation z. International Inspection as alternative z. Difficulties dues to language gap
Personalization z. Strategy for gaining competitive advantage z. Added service for a user z. Speeds task completion (I-Click) z. Can require login z. Cookies z. Dynamic
Privacy Concerns z. No right to privacy in US z. Privacy Contracts z. Request of personal information cause users to leave site z. Highly related to trust
Trust Many factors affect trust: z. Context z. Perceived Similarity z. Standing in organization z. Behavior z. Certification z. References
Fostering Trust z. Help establish credibility z. Security Statement z. Safe display of personal information z. Use of secure servers z. Confirmation of all costs z. Confirmation of shipping address
Controlling Privacy z. No standard for enforcing privacy in place z. P 3 P standard developed z. Enforces and exposes site’s privacy policy z. Tools to inform users of compliance with their selected privacy policy
Trust (P 3 P)
Trust (P 3 P)
Privacy Bird
Privacy Bird Shows Embedded Content
Privacy Bird
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