Academic Vocabulary 1 Clause group of words that

Academic Vocabulary 1. Clause: group of words that contains a subject and a verb. 2. Independent clause: expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. 3. Dependent clause: does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone in a sentence. (also known as subordinate clause) 4. Complex sentence: does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone in a sentence. (also known as subordinate clause) 5. Compound complex sentence: contains two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. 6. Subordinate conjunction: used in complex sentences (see slide 29 for complete list).

Dependent Clause: does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone in a sentence. (also known as subordinate clause) EXAMPLE …because they care about helping people. A dependent clause must be joined to an independent clause or it is a fragment.

Dependent clause starts with a subordinate conjunction. Subordinate: lower in rank or position. Therefore, they cannot stand alone! They are subordinate to independent clauses like a… • Employee to his boss • Child to his parent • Soldier to his commander

Subordinate Conjunctions (copy in writing section): MOST COMMON After although as when while until because before if since once as if as long as as though still even if even though if only in order to now that rather than so that than that unless whenever whereas wherever https: //www. google. com/search? q=aaawwubbi s+song&oq=AAAWW&aqs=chrome. 3. 0 j 69 i 57 j 0 l 4. 13762 j 0 j 4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

Independent or Dependent? 1. Although it was raining, Maria went for a jog at the park. 2. Brianna eats chocolate whenever she gets a poor grade in math. 3. After the flood waters retreated, the family moved into a temporary shelter. 4. While walking in the woods, John saw a raccoon eating potato chips. 5. Students who play an instrument do better on math tests. 6. When you finish your homework, please take the dog for a walk. 7. After Juan completed the assignment, he swam laps at the gym. 8. Before he completed the assignment, Evan decided to eat a quick lunch.

Independent or Dependent? 1. Although it was raining, Maria went for a jog at the park. D 2. Brianna eats chocolate whenever she gets a poor grade in math. D 3. After the flood waters retreated, the family moved into a temporary shelter. D 4. While walking in the woods, John saw a raccoon eating potato chips. I 5. Students who play an instrument do better on math tests. I 6. When you finish your homework, please take the dog for a walk. D 7. After Juan completed the assignment, he swam laps at the gym. D 8. Before he completed the assignment, Evan decided to eat a quick lunch. D

Independent or Dependent? 1. Juan continued playing although he injured his knee. 2. I thought that the offer was too good to be true. 3. While I was scrubbing the floors, Juliet was watching television. 4. Although she was tired and grumpy, Laura agreed to babysit for her sister-in-law. 5. My friend has been visiting since the winter break started. 6. As she was driving home from spring break, Maria saw a tornado touch down. 7. People who drink and drive should be arrested. 8. Ever since my daughter purchased a ferret, I have noticed an unpleasant smell in the house. 9. If I cannot make it to the dance, I will give away my tickets.

Independent or Dependent? 1. Juan continued playing although he injured his knee. I 2. I thought that the offer was too good to be true. I 3. While I was scrubbing the floors, Juliet was watching television. D 4. Although she was tired and grumpy, Laura agreed to babysit for her sister-in-law. D 5. My friend has been visiting since the winter break started. I 6. As she was driving home from spring break, Maria saw a tornado touch down. D 7. People who drink and drive should be arrested. I 8. Ever since my daughter purchased a ferret, I have noticed an unpleasant smell in the house. D 9. If I cannot make it to the dance, I will give away my tickets. I

Complex Sentences: contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. EXAMPLES (dependent clause in bold) When we visited, Mrs. Brodsky shared her memories of working in a shipyard during World War II. Mr. Ruiz was a photographer until he was drafted.

Punctuating complex sentences: If the dependent clause begins a sentence, it must be followed by a comma. Examples: While I was eating, the cat scratched at the door. If you are ill, you ought to see a doctor.

If the independent clause starts the sentences, no comma is required. Examples: The cat scratched at the door while I was eating. You ought to see a doctor if you are ill.

Comma or No Comma? 1. Whenever I’m late for the bus my mom drives me to school. 2. My mom drives me to school whenever I’m late for the bus. 3. I had to stay at a neighbor’s house after school because I lost my key. 4. Because I lost my key I had to stay at a neighbor’s house after school. 5. When I forgot to do my chores my mom grounded me for the day. 6. My mom grounded me for the day when I forgot to do my chores. 7. Because her friends were all on vacation Mary was lonely all summer break. 8. Before I could go to the party my mom made me walk the dog.

Comma or No Comma? 1. Whenever I’m late for the bus, my mom drives me to school. 2. My mom drives me to school whenever I’m late for the bus. 3. I had to stay at a neighbor’s house after school because I lost my key. 4. Because I lost my key, I had to stay at a neighbor’s house after school. 5. When I forgot to do my chores, my mom grounded me for the day. 6. My mom grounded me for the day when I forgot to do my chores. 7. Because her friends were all on vacation, Mary was lonely all summer break. 8. Before I could go to the party, my mom made me walk the dog.

More Practice: Comma or No Comma? 1. Although she was popular Laurie couldn’t get a date for the prom. 2. We went to hang out at Dairy Queen after school since the game was cancelled. 3. Unless you hear otherwise I’ll be in my classroom all afternoon. 4. We celebrated at the Wagon Wheel after we won the game. 5. The dancer injured her foot while she was rehearsing for the recital. 6. As the sun rose my friend and I were up and ready for our run. 7. Because Sarah is my sister I have to forgive her for ruining my favorite shirt. 8. I am going to Hershey Park this weekend if the weather is good.

Comma or No Comma? 1. Although she was popular, Laurie couldn’t get a date for the prom. 2. We went to hang out at Dairy Queen after school since the game was cancelled. 3. Unless you hear otherwise, I’ll be in my classroom all afternoon. 4. We celebrated at the Wagon Wheel after we won the game. 5. The dancer injured her foot while she was rehearsing for the recital. 6. As the sun rose, my friend and I were up and ready for our run. 7. Because Sarah is my sister, I have to forgive her for ruining my favorite shirt. 8. I am going to Hershey Park this weekend if the weather is good.

Compound or complex? Punctuate! 1. Older television sets had tubes while the new models are digital. 2. Older television sets had tubes the newest models are digital. 3. After the tornado hit my house was completely destroyed. 4. The tornado hit my house and it was completely destroyed. 5. The clouds promise rain we should hurry up and get home. 6. The clouds promise rain so we should hurry up and get home. 7. Bruno likes sitting on the beach he always gets a nasty sunburn. 8. Bruno likes sitting on the beach although he always gets a nasty sunburn.

Simple, Compound or complex? Punctuate! 1. Older television sets had tubes while the new models are digital. 2. Older television sets had tubes but the newest models are digital. 3. The tornado hit my house and completely destroyed it. 4. The tornado hit my house and it was completely destroyed. 5. The clouds promise rain we should hurry up and get home. 6. We should hurry up and get home. 7. Althoug Bruno likes sitting on the beach he always gets a nasty sunburn. 8. Bruno likes sitting on the beach and enjoying the ocean breeze.

Homework 5 Pick five subordinating conjunctions out of the first column in your list and write a complex sentence for each. The independent clause must go first! Ex: My game really improved after I bought my new sneakers.

Homework 6 • Pick five subordinating conjunctions out of the second column in your list and write a complex sentence for each. The dependent clause must go first! Ex: After I bought my new sneakers, my game really improved.

Whiparound: 1. identify dependent clause 2. say “Comma” or “No Comma” 1. Although they eat me out of house and home I will love my children. 2. I won’t buy new clothes unless they are on sale. 3. While we watched the basketball game on television my friend and I ate up all of the snacks in the house. 4. I ran out of water and was very thirsty as we hiked through the dense forest. 5. My mom will not drive me to the mall unless I help her with the laundry. 6. I don’t like to be alone while I’m watching a scary movie.

Underline dependent clause and add punctuation if needed. 1. Although they eat me out of house and home , I will love my children. 2. I won’t buy new clothes unless they are on sale. 3. While we watched the basketball game on television, my friend and I ate up all of the snacks in the house. 4. I ran out of water and was very thirsty as we hiked through the dense forest. 5. My mom will not drive me to the mall unless I help her with the laundry. 6. I don’t like to be alone while I’m watching a scary movie.

Whiparound: 1. identify dependent clause 2. say “Comma” or “No Comma” 1. Stephen won’t do his homework unless his mom makes him 2. If I don’t finish this project tonight I’ll just do it over the weekend. 3. After Jack had fallen Jill came tumbling after. 4. As we hiked through the woods I was bitten up by mosquitoes. 5. My dog will roll over and play dead if I offer him a treat. 6. Unless the team works harder we will not make it to the playoffs.

Underline dependent clause and add punctuation if needed. 1. Stephen won’t do his homework unless his mom makes him. 2. If I don’t finish this project tonight, I’ll just do it over the weekend. 3. After Jack had fallen, Jill came tumbling after. 4. As we hiked through the woods, I was bitten up by mosquitoes. 5. My dog will roll over and play dead if I offer him a treat. 6. Unless the team works harder, we will not make it to the playoffs.

HW 7: Underline dependent clause and add punctuation if needed. 1. Although it has been celebrated for more than ten years National Youth Service Day is not well-known. 2. This national event was founded so that young people’s volunteer work would be recognized. 3. After the volunteers work on a project they have a deep sense of satisfaction. 4. Because they wanted to help beautify the city some volunteers in Atlanta, Georgia, painted a playground. 5. While adult volunteers helped most of the work was done by elementary-school and middle-school students. 6. Since they were interested in identifying major problems in their neighborhood about 90 high school students in San Francisco conducted a community survey. 7. Perhaps you can get involved next year if you are interest in volunteering.

HW 7: Underline dependent clause and add punctuation if needed. 1. Although it has been celebrated for more than ten years, National Youth Service Day is not well-known. 2. This national event was founded so that young people’s volunteer work would be recognized. 3. After the volunteers work on a project, they have a deep sense of satisfaction. 4. Because they wanted to help beautify the city , some volunteers in Atlanta, Georgia, painted a playground. 5. While adult volunteers helped, most of the work was done by elementary-school and middle-school students. 6. Since they were interested in identifying major problems in their neighborhood, about 90 high school students in San Francisco conducted a community survey. 7. Perhaps you can get involved next year if you are interest in volunteering.

HW 8: Complex Sentences Punctuate the following sentences correctly: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. I would have gone with you although I am tired. Although I am tired, I would have gone with you. Since our team lost last night, we can’t enter the tournament. We can’t enter the tournament since our team lost last night. He listened in class although he didn’t take part in class discussions. Although he didn’t take part in class discussions, he listened in class. We were raising livestock because my family was living in the country. Because my family was living in the country, we were raising livestock. The horse trotted until he broke into a gallop. Until he broke into a gallop, the horse trotted.

Complex Sentences Cont. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Even though he was a strange character, I liked being around him even though he was a strange character. After I caught a tiny trout in the stream, we had it for supper. I cannot buy a car until I have saved a down payment since my credit is bad. I will help you since no one else seems to be willing to help. She plans to read three books while she is on vacation. Please shut the door since it is cold and rainy outside because of El Nino. Because of El Nino, it is cold and rainy outside. While the strong wind was blowing, our boat nearly capsized on the lake. Once you have mastered clauses, the rest of the study of grammar is quite easy.

Identify clauses, sentence types, and punctuate if needed. Samples: D I My Halloween costume is ruined because my brother spilled juice all over it. CX I I My favorite candy is Nerds ; I hope I get some this Halloween. CD 1. We need to go to the mall to get our Halloween decorations there is a sale at Spencer’s. ____ 2. We need to go to the mall today to get our Halloween decorations because Spencer’s is having a sale. ____ 3. While I like Halloween I don’t appreciate my mom stealing all of my candy. ____

Quiz Prep: S, CD, or CX 1. I wanted to watch the season premiere of The Walking Dead but I fell asleep too early. _____ 2. My grandmother makes the best meatballs and always makes extra for me to take home. _____ 3. While a storm raged on outside I enjoyed a warm fire and a good book. _____ 4. The young boy listened attentively as his mother yelled for a solid five minutes. _____ 5. After his friend moved away Fred moped around the house. ____ 6. My family gets together every Sunday and we always love to play board games. _____ 7. The hungry cat stalked a small field mouse and made a quick meal of him. _____ 8. Whenever the cafeteria serves tacos there are lines out the doors.

Quiz Prep: S, CD, or CX 1. I wanted to watch the season premiere of The Walking Dead, but I fell asleep too early. CD 2. My grandmother makes the best meatballs and always makes extra for me to take home. S 3. While a storm raged on outside, I enjoyed a warm fire and a good book. CX 4. The young boy listened attentively as his mother yelled for a solid five minutes. CX 5. After his friend moved away, Fred moped around the house. CX 6. My family gets together every Sunday, and we always love to play board games. CD 7. The hungry cat stalked a small field mouse and made a quick meal of him. S 8. Whenever the cafeteria serves tacos, there are lines out the doors. CX

Skills Check Review 1. I did not do well on my quiz because I did not study for it. _____ 2. I realize I need to learn from my mistakes and I need to change my study habits. _____ 3. Mrs. Fava is a wonderful and patient teacher. _____ 4. So that I do better on the next quiz I will memorize the subordinating conjunctions. _____ 5. Until I bring my English grade up Mom has grounded me. _____

More practice: underline clauses, identify , and punctuate. 1. We had a great Winter Break it was really fun. ______ 2. Because it was so long we were able to do many fun things. _____ 3. I went to the movies and slept in. _____ 4. I went to the movies and I slept in. _____ 5. I was going to babysit since I needed the money _____ 6. I was going to babysit but I didn’t have the time. _____

More practice: underline clauses, identify , and punctuate. 1. I went to the doctor’s office because I was feeling really sick. _____ 2. I wasn’t sure when class would be over. _____ 3. I love being on break you have so much free time. _____ 4. I love being on break because you have so much free time. _____ 5. If it snows tomorrow we may have a snow day! _____ 6. We have a snow day today since it snowed last night. _____

More practice: underline clauses, identify , and punctuate. 1. I love the sights and smells of Fall. _____ 2. I enjoy the changing of the leaves and the smell of pumpkin spice. _____ 3. My dad loves to carve pumpkins his masterpieces sit out on our front porch. _____ 4. After I go out for Halloween I have to hide my candy from my mom. _____ 5. Mom is on a diet but she really loves her candy! _____ 6. My grandmother has been making my Halloween costumes since I was little. _____

More practice: underline clauses, identify , and punctuate. 1. My soccer team started off the season well with three wins and zero losses. _____ 2. Since our best player was injured we have lost the last two games. _____ 3. My coach is very frustrated with us and yells all the time. _____ 4. He even threw orange slices at me after we lost the last game. _____ 5. I was hoping our best play would come back but he is sadly out for the season. _____ 6. When this season is over I may switch to football. _____

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