Academic Style No Yes Academic Style NO Idiomatic

Academic Style

No Yes Academic Style

NO Idiomatic / colloquial (slang) NO number / bullet points Kids / boss / gonna / stuff NO vague language And so on. . / etc… NO Phrasal verbs Go up / look up NO Repetition YES Passive structures We analysed the data / The data was analysed YES –Academic Vocabulary See A. W. L Constant repeating same words NO Personal Pronouns I, we, In my opinion (limit use) NO Contractions Academic Style It’ll = it will / It’s = it is No basic language NO Questions So why did the project fail? NO Personal adverbs Surprisingly / fortunately Like – for example Thing – factor Lots of – significant amount Little/ big – large Get - obtain Hard - difficult Good / bad – positive / negative Amazing / wonderful - important YES – Referencing systems YES Complex Grammar structures Nominalisation / noun structures YES Caution / hedging – tentative language Possibly / seems / appears / could / may YES Accurate vocabulary Difference between law / rule YES Precise facts / figures A few years ago / in 2014

10+ style errors • How to make people work harder is a topic that lots of people have written about in the last few years. There are lots of different theories etc. . and I think some of them are ok. When we think about this we should remember the old Chinese proverb, that ‘you can lead a horse to water but you can’t make it drink’. So how do we increase production? It’s quite a complex subject but I’ll just talk about a couple of ideas.

• How to make people work harder is a topic that lots of people have written about in the last few years. There are lots of different theories etc and I think some of them are ok. When we think about this we should remember the old Chinese proverb, that you can lead a horse to water but you can’t make it drink. So how do we increase production? It’s quite a complex subject but I’ll just talk about a couple of ideas.

• Motivation has been the subject of numerous studies during recent decades, but this essay will focus on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory (1943) and Herzberg’s two-factor theory (1966). Their contemporary relevance to the need to motivate employees effectively will be examined critically, given that this can be considered crucial to a firm’s survival in the current economic climate.

a) Another thing to think about is the chance of crime getting worse. • Another factor of consideration is the possibility of crime increasing.

(b) Regrettably these days lots of people don’t have jobs. • Currently the rate of unemployment is at an unprecedented level.

(c) Sometime soon they will find a vaccine for malaria. • It has been proposed that by 2017 a vaccine for malaria will have possibly been discovered.

d) A few years ago the price of property in Japan went down a lot. • (d) After 2013, the Japanese property market in house value fell dramatically. • Since 2013, the price of property fell dramatically in Japan

e) You can’t always trust the numbers in that report. • The numbers in that report have been proposed as fundamentally unreliable.

f) Sadly, the high inflation led to poverty, social unrest and so on. • (f) The severe inflation led to poverty, social unrest and animosity towards the government. (list 3’s)

(g) He was over the moon when he won the prize. • (g) The prize gave the participant a considerable amount of pleasure

(h) I think we should pay students to study. • It is widely agreed that students should receive grants to study at tertiary level.

i) A few years ago they allowed women to vote. • (i) Women were enfranchised in 1987

(j) What were the main causes of the Russian revolution? • (j) The main causes of the Russian revolution were war and misgovernment.

3 Practice • ( (a) Another factor of consideration is the possibility of crime increasing. • (b) Currently the rate of unemployment is at an unprecedented level • (c) In the near future a vaccine for malaria may be discovered. • (d) After 2013 Japanese property market in house value fell dramatically. • (e) The numbers in that report have been proposed as fundamentally unreliable • (f) The severe inflation led to poverty, social unrest and animosity towards the government. (list 3’s) • (g) The prize gave the participant a considerable amount of pleasure • (h) It is widely agreed that students should receive grants to study at tertiary level. • (i) Women were enfranchised in 1987. • (j) The main causes of the Russian revolution were war and misgovernment.