ACADEMIC ENGLISH I LANGUAGE OF TRENDS ANALYSIS BY

ACADEMIC ENGLISH I: LANGUAGE OF TRENDS & ANALYSIS BY: DIMUTHU DE SILVA

WHAT IS ACADEMIC ENGLISH AND WRITING? A broad definition of academic writing is any writing done to fulfill a requirement of a college or university. Academic writing is also used for publications that are read by teacher and researchers or presented at conferences. A very broad definition of academic writing could include any writing assignment given in an academic setting.

WHERE IS ACADEMIC WRITING USED? Academic writing is used mainly in: • Books and book reports • Translations • Research Papers • Conference Papers • Academic Journals • Dissertations and Theses • Abstract • Explications

CHARACTERISTICS OF ACADEMIC WRITING Academic writing needs to have a proper • Plan • Outline • Tone • Language • Point of View • Approach

STRUCTURE Structure of a piece of writing will have: • An introduction • A Body • A Conclusion

WHAT WILL YOU WRITE ABOUT ?

LANGUAGE OF ANALYSIS Defining meaning through Discourse: Adding something Moreover; In addition; Additionally; Further to this; Also; Besides; What is more. Initial position Making a contrast between two separate things, people, ideas, etc. However; On the other hand; In contrast; Yet. Initial position Making an unexpected contrast (concession) Although; Even though; Despite the fact that; In spite of the fact that; Regardless of the fact that. Initial position Starts a second/ subordinate clause

LANGUAGE OF ANALYSIS Saying why something is the case Because; Since; As; Insofar as. Initial position Starts a second/ subordinate clause Saying what the result of something is Therefore; Consequently; In consequence; As a result; Accordingly; Hence; Thus; For this reason; Because of this. Initial position Expressing a condition If; In the event of; As long as. . . ; So long as. . . ; Provided that. . . ; Assuming that. . . ; Given that. . Initial position Starts a second/ subordinate clause Making what you say stronger On the contrary; As a matter of fact; Indeed. position Initial

DESCRIBING TRENDS A trend is the overall idea of the graph. A trend tells • what is happening/what happened • the main change over time • the most noticeable thing about the graph • the pattern over time • the pattern for different places or groups or people.

ACTIVITY: DESCRIBING TRENDS Be constant Go down Expansion Push down Growth reduction Soar stay at Stability Climb Extension Improvement Rise Stagnation Cut Collapse Fall Level off Shoot up Stand at

ACTIVITY: DESCRIBING TRENDS increase decrease maintain Increment decrement stay at raise drop keep rise drop reach a peak step up cut grow decline remain stable expand go down expand fall improve

ACTIVITY: DESCRIBING TRENDS

PIE CHARTS Single Pie Chart Paragraph 1 Describe what sort of chart it is and what it is about. Paragraph 2 Describe the sections of the graph starting with the biggest and working your way down. Paragraph 3 A short conclusion giving an overall view of what the chart is about. At this stage if two charts are being discussed compare and contrast differences

PIE CHARTS Percentage Fraction 80% four-fifths 75% three-quarters 70% seven in ten 65% two-thirds 60% three-fifths 55% more than half 50% half 45% more than two fifths 40% two-fifths 35% more than a third 30% less than a third 25% a quarter 20% a fifth 15% less than a fifth 10% one in ten 5% one in twenty

ACTIVITY: PIE CHARTS

EXPRESSING APPROXIMATIONS We use words to express approximation when the point we are trying to describe is between milestones on the graph. • Well over • Just under • Well under • Just over • Roughly • Nearly • Approximately • Around • About