Abstaining from sex is the only way to
Abstaining from sex is the only way to be 100 percent confident of avoiding STI infection. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (S T I’s) ABSTINANCE!
Fact and Answers about STI’s • The estimated total number of people living in the US with an incurable STD is over 65 million. Every year, there approximately 15 million new cases of STDs, a few of which are curable. • Two-thirds of all STDs occur in people 25 years of age or younger. • One in four new STD infections occur in teenagers. • Cervical cancer in women is linked to high-risk types of HPV • Of the STDs that are diagnosed, only four--gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia and hepatitis B--are required to be reported to state health departments and the CDC for statistical purposes. Hepatitis B is recent addition to that list. • Hepatitis B is 100 times more infectious than HIV • STDs, other than HIV, cost more than $8 billion each year to diagnose and treat, both the disease and their complications. • It is estimated that as many as one in four Americans have genital herpes, herpes yet at least 80 percent of those with herpes are unaware they have it
Fact and Answers about STI’s v At least one in four Americans will contract an STD at some point in their lives. v Overall, herpes is the most common STD in the United States, with more than 45 million individuals having this lifelong (but harmless) virus. In a given year, however, it is estimated that more people will become infected with HPV than with herpes. More than 1 million people acquire herpes each year and over 5 million people acquire HPV each year. Some researchers believe that HPV infections may self-resolve and may not be lifelong like herpes. v Less than half of adults ages 18 to 44 have ever been tested for an STD other than HIV / AIDS. v At least 15 percent of all infertile American women are infertile because of tubal damage caused by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), the result of an untreated STD. v Approximately two-thirds of Hepatitis B (HBV) infections are transmitted sexually, HBV is linked to chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and liver cancer.
History of STI’s v Pre 1960's: Syphilis and Gonorrhea were the only major STDs v 1976: Chlamydia first recognized v 1980 -present: 8 NEW diseases identified v 1981: AIDS identified v 1982: Herpes became very prevalent v 1992: PID or Pelvic Inflammatory Disease recognized v 1996: HPV or Human Papilloma Virus recognized as the cause of 90% of all cervical cancer, and is the reason for yearly PAP smears.
Gonorrhea Genital Herpes HIV/AIDS The 8 Most Common Sexually Transmitted Diseases Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Syphilis Hepatitis B Human Papilloma Virus Chlamydia
Common Signs/Symptoms of STDs • • • Itching around the vagina and/or discharge from the vagina for women Discharge from the penis for men Pain during sex, when urinating and/or in the pelvic area Sore throats in people who have oral sex Pain in the anus for people who have anal sex Chancre sores (painless red sores) on the genital area, anus, tongue and/or throat A scaly rash on the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet Dark urine, loose, light-colored stools, and yellow eyes and skin Small blisters that turn into scabs on the genital area Swollen glands, fever and body aches Unusual infections, unexplained fatigue, night sweats and weight loss Soft, flesh-colored warts around the genital area
National Center for Health Statistics
Chlamydia SYMPTOMS DAMAGE NUMBERS For women: Usually none. May experience vaginal discharge, burning with urination, lower abdominal pain, low back pain, nausea, fever, pain during intercourse & bleeding between menstrual periods. In women: Considered to be the most common cause of sterility. Advanced stages may require removal of uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. May cause chronic pelvic pain and/or fatal ectopic pregnancies. 3 million new cases reported annually. For men: Usually none. May experience discharge from the penis, burning with urination, burning or itching around the opening to the penis or pain & swelling of the testicles. * If left untreated in women, Chlamydia can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) see below. In men: Urethral infection and/or sterility 3/4 of women and 1/2 of men infected may be have no symptoms and therefore not seek help until it has caused major damage. By age 30, 50% of sexually active women have evidence that they have had Chlamydia at some time during their lives. 1 in 10 adolescent girls tested is infected.
Gonorrhea SYMPTOMS For women: Yellow or bloody vaginal discharge. Burning with urination. For men: Yellowish white discharged from penis. Burning with urination. Swollen or painful testicles DAMAGE In women: Sterility. May require surgery in severe cases. Can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) see below. In men: Sterility. Scarring of urethra and urinary tract problems. NUMBERS 650, 000 people are infected annually. 75% of all reported gonorrhea is found in persons aged 15 - 29 years. Highest rates of infection are found in 15 -19 yr. old women and 20 -24 yr. old men.
Syphilis SYMPTOMS DAMAGE For women: First stage includes swollen, non-painful sores (called chancres) where the infection entered the body. The ulcers may go unnoticed if they are inside her body. Second stage includes rash, fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, and tiredness. Third stage includes loss of coordination, paralysis, numbness, gradual blindness, dementia, and possible death. In women: Mental handicaps, heart disease, blindness, dementia and death. Can cause birth defects or death in infant if mother is infected. 35, 600 new cases were reported in 1999, including 6, 650 cases of primary & secondary syphilis. In men: Same as women. In 1999, syphilis occurred primarily in persons aged 20 - 39. For men: First, second and third stages are the same as women. NUMBERS Reported rates of syphilis were 1. 5 times greater in men than women in 1999. The racial or ethnic distribution of syphilis in 1999 was: African Americans 78%, Whites 16%, Hispanics 8%, and others 1%.
HIV / AIDS SYMPTOMS DAMAGE For women: Fever, sore throat, fatigue, swollen lymph glands. In women: Immune system breaks down. Death. May infect unborn children. For men: Same as women. In men: Same as women. NUMBERS Approximately 800, 000 -900, 000 people are infected with HIV (including people who have AIDS and those who do not yet know that they are infected).
Genital Herpes SYMPTOMS For women: Painful ulcers appear at site of infection. Periodic eruptions of these ulcers anywhere on the body. Pain during sex. Fever and swollen glands. Initial outbreak considered to be extremely painful. For men: Same as women. DAMAGE NUMBERS In women: Continuous outbreaks. Lifelong treatment required. Causes potentially fatal infections in infants if mother is shedding virus at the time of delivery. 45 million currently infected. In men: Same as women. 20% of the sexually active population has this disease. Genital Herpes is more common in women (approximately one out of four women) than in men (almost one out of five).
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) SYMPTOMS For women: Genital warts that sometimes form cauliflower shape. Many do not experience noticeable symptoms. May have vulvar itching and pain. Usually detected through abnormal Pap smears. For men: Genital warts similar to those in women. DAMAGE NUMBERS In women: Requires painful and expensive treatment to remove pre-cancerous warts. Approximately 20 million people are currently infected. In men: Cancer of penis and anus. 50 -75% of sexually active men and women acquire genital HPV at some point in their lives. About 5. 5 million Americans get a new genital HPV infection each year. 90% of cervical cancer cases began with HPV.
Hepatitis B SYMPTOMS For women: Often none. May Experience jaundice (skin turns yellow), fatigue, dark urine, gray-colored stools, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, And/or joint pain. For men: Same as women. DAMAGE NUMBERS In women: Severe liver damage. May lead to cancer of liver and cirrhosis. 80, 000 new infections were reported in 1999 In men: Same as women. The highest rate of disease occurs in 20 -49 year olds. Approximately 1. 25 million chronically infected Americans.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) SYMPTOMS DAMAGE For women: Lower abdominal pain that is often mistaken for menstrual cramps. Fever, unusual vaginal discharge, painful intercourse, painful urination & irregular menstrual bleeding. For women: Ectopic (tubal) pregnancy. Infertility. Cancer. Can be life-threatening. For men: None. This disease only affects women but may be caused by infections carried by men For men: None. NUMBERS 1 million new cases reported annually. More than 100, 000 women become infertile each year as a result of PID. About 1/5 of women with PID become infertile. 10 -80% of women with either Chlamydia or gonorrhea develop PID as a result. PID goes unrecognized by both women and their health care providers 2/3 of the time.
Common Sexually Transmitted Infections 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) Bacterial Vaginosis Chancroid Chlamydia Condylomata Acuminata Cytomegalovirus (CMV Genital Warts Gonorrhea Granuloma Inguinale Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Herpes (Progenitalis Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 12) Human Papilloma Virus 13) Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV) 14) Molluscum 15) Nonspecific Urethritis (NSU) 16) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) 17) Pubic Lice 18) Reiter’s Syndrome 19) Scabies 20) Syphilis 21) Trichomoniasis 22) Urinary Tract Infectin 23) Vaginitis
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