ABSOLUTISTS THROUGHOUT HISTORY FREDERICK BARBAROSSA AND ATTILA THE

ABSOLUTISTS THROUGHOUT HISTORY: FREDERICK BARBAROSSA AND ATTILA THE HUN By: Timmis Maddox

Frederick 1 Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor Born in 1122. Became Duke of Swabia from family blood inheritance after father’s death in 1147. Accompanied Uncle, German King Conrad the III, on the Second Crusade. Distinguished himself in battle, won confidence of the King. Before his death in February, 1152, Conrad hands royal insignia to Frederick, appointing him as his successor.

Frederick Barbarossa (Cont. ) Designated as new King of Germany on March 4, 1152 in Frankfurt. Crowned in Aachen a few days later. Met with local princes to end feuds between them and united them. March 1153, Barbarossa moved south with army and concluded the Treaty of Constance. Barbarossa crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope on June 18, 1155 in Rome.

Frederick Barbarossa (Cont. ) Barbarossa took army and invaded Italy to reassert his Imperial authority, in June 1158. Conquered city after city, and occupied Milan on September 7 th, 1158. Travelled back to Germany in late 1162 to quell unrest caused by Henry the Lion Returned to Italy and fought until peace was found between him and Pope Alexander the III on July 24, 1177. Returned to Germany and exiled Henry the Lion for open rebellion. Started 3 rd Crusade along with Richard the 1 st of England to take back Jerusalem in 1189. Barbarossa dies June 10 th, 1190, from drowning while crossing a river.

Barbarossa: Political Born into power, descended from Germany’s two leading families the Hohenstaufen and the Guelph. Becomes Duke of Swabia at the death of his father. Was made king of the Romans at Aachen in March 9, 1152. Concluded Treaty of Constance in return for emperorship. Crowned Holy Roman Emperor at Rome on June 18, 1155. United German princes and all of Germany Restored Holy Roman Empire to its former glory.

Barbarossa: Economic Expanded Germany’s economy Connected German Provinces Established better trade throughout Western Europe.

Barbarossa: Religious Took part in the 2 nd Crusade. Established greater power for the Pope and the Papacy in Europe Created the Order of the Teutonic Knights Started the 3 rd Crusade into the Holy Land.

Barbarossa: Social Restored Imperial authority in the German states. Created a unified Germany Established Justinian Code in Germany and improved it.

Barbarossa: Intellectual Barbarossa was a pragmatist. Used his intellect to find mutual self-indulgences, to stop quarrelling German princes. Formed alliances and used them to undermine his enemies. Tried to restore Medieval Feudalism.

Barbarossa: Artistic Monuments Chronologies Legends and Myths Paintings Songs

Attila the Hun, Pillager and Conqueror Born in 406 A. D. Death of Uncle and Father leave Attila and his brother Bleda, in control of all the united Hunnic tribes. In 440, Huns are lead in force to attack merchants on the north bank of the Danube, on the Roman Empire’s borders. Lay waste to Illyrian cities and forts on the river. Invade the Balkans in 441.

Attila the Hun (Cont. ) Romans start to finance operations against Huns. Attila responds with a new campaign in 443. Destroy Roman Army outside Constantinople but are stopped by its walls. Huns retreat. Bleda is killed in “Hunting Accident’ arranged by Attila becomes sole ruler of the Huns.

Attila the Hun (Cont. ) Attila rides into East Roman Empire again in 447. Roman Army is crushed at the Battle of the Utus. Left unopposed and invade and ravage Balkans all the way to Thermopylae. Forms alliance with other barbarian tribes and invade Western Europe. Hunnish armies are turned back in Orleans, France. Attila returns in 452 to ravage and pillage Italy. Huns are turned back at Minco after Attila negotiates with Pope Leo the I. Attila dies of sever nosebleed in 453.

Attila: Political Becomes partner with brother in rule of Hunnish Tribes Negotiates tributes treaties with Roman Empire. Reappears to Romans and invades Eastern Roman Empire. Invade Balkans through Illyria. Attila kills brother and becomes sole ruler of the Huns. Forms alliances with Gepids, Ostrogoths, Rugians, Scirians, Heruls, Thuringians, Alans, Burgundians and invades Western Empire Negotiates retreat of Hunnish forces from Italy with Pope Leo.

Attila: Economic Hunnish Empire flourishes with economic growth during conquests. Pillaged loot from cities and towns fuel economy. Took control of Roman Empire’s grain supply Gained control and took hostage of the Roman Empire’s whole Maritime Economy. Demanded a tribute of up to 20, 000 gold pieces from nations for protection.

Attila: Religous Christians in the 5 th century named Attila, The Scourge of God. Attila captured monasteries and slew the monks and maidens. Attila took priests and slew them in front of their own altars in their churches.

Attila: Social Attila the Hun created one of the biggest known empires out of conquest. Took the unified Hunnish tribes and ravaged most of Europe and Asia. Ruled with an iron fist Caused the Fall of Rome.

Attila: Intellectual Used military strategy that was new to the Hunnish tribes. Besieged cities with battering rams and moving siege towers. Took Roman prisoners and demanded ransom. Showed remarkable flexibility in learning new strategies in battle. Used diplomacy and military intelligence to take advantage of his enemies.

Attila: Artistic Songs Paintings Books Poems

Sources http: //militaryhistory. about. com/od/army/p/barb arossa. htm www. wikipedia. org http: //www. lindahines. net/blog/wpcontent/uploads/2008/07/kyff_barbarossa. jpg http: //www. medievaltymes. com/courtyard/imag es/crusades/third_crusade_route_map. jpg http: //neveryetmelted. com/wp-images/Atilla. jpg