ABSOLUTE POWER CORRUPTS ABSOLUTELY AP World History Periodization

ABSOLUTE POWER CORRUPTS ABSOLUTELY!!!!! AP World History Periodization 4 Chapter 13

�a ruler that has unlimited power and authority over his or her people.

� government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch’s powers

� the belief that a ruler’s authority comes directly from God.

Absolute monarch �(1527 – 1598) �King of Spain 1556 – 1598 � Led Roman Catholic efforts to recover parts of Europe from Protestantism; was defeated by England the Netherlands.

Who is this? �(1547 -1616) Spanish novelist, dramatist, and poet � Wrote Don Quixote de la Mancha. �

�a great fleet (130 ships and 20, 000 men) assembled by Spain in 1588 for an invasion of England.

” “I AM t te! a t s he � (1638 – 1715) � King of France from 1643 to 1715 � Known as the Sun King, he built a palace at Versailles as a means to consolidate absolute power � A series of wars at the end of his long reign drained France’s wealth.

� Royal French residence and seat of government established by King Louis XIV. Home of The Sun King!

� morning ritual during which nobles would wait upon King Louis XIV

�a French Protestant � The flight of ______ was a double blow to France. The hardworking ________ were among the most prosperous citizens of France. Their work ethic had made them masters of the crafts in which France excelled. When they fled, they left behind most of their possessions but carried with them their skills. France's enemies were taught techniques of weaving, lace-making, silk-work, and hattery, once the exclusive possession of the French. Many Huguenots enlisted in the English, Dutch and German armies and fought France.

� the urban middle class; merchants, professionals, and manufacturers. � “the haves”

1491 – 1547 � King of England from 1509 to 1547 � His desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope resulting in England’s break with the Roman Catholic Church and its embrace of Protestantism. � Established the Church of England also known as the Anglican Church. � Had SIX wives!!!!! �

� (1533 – 1603) � Queen of England from 1558 to 1603 � A skillful politician and diplomat, she reasserted Protestant supremacy in England.

� First Stuart monarch � Claimed absolute power and clashed repeatedly with Parliament over money and foreign policy � Also clashed with dissenters, Protestants who differed with the Church of England � Father of Charles I.

� Inherited da n a ; erer o the d r u d m nemy t n a r ito ee a l r b t a , c d. " la nt n a p a r l m y g i t " nd f En a o c i h l t pub onweal m Com the throne from his father, James I, in 1625 � Behaved like an absolute monarch � Ruled during the English Civil War � Eventually Parliament set up a court, put him on trial, and condemned him to death � He was executed in 1649.

� Supporters of Charles I during the English Civil War � Many were wealthy nobles, proud of their plumed hats and fashionably long hair � Were well trained in dueling and warfare. NOT the car, the dog, or the math teacher!

� Those favoring Parliament during the English Civil War � Composed of country gentry, town-dwelling manufacturers, and Puritan clergy � Against absolutism � Earned their name due to their hairstyle.

� (1599 -1658) In 1642, he led Parliament’s forces in deposing Charles I � He became ruler of England in 1653. �

� The period of the reign of Charles II in England when the monarchy was restored after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell’s government � There was also a rebirth of English culture during this time.

� (1688) a nonviolent revolution in which leaders of Britain’s Parliament invited Mary, daughter of King James II and her husband, the Dutch ruler William of Orange, to replace King James II.

� series of acts passed by the English Parliament in 1689 that limited the rights of the monarchy and ensured the superiority of Parliament.

�a monarchy limited by certain laws. � England kisses Absolute Monarchs good-bye!

� Seventeenth century English philosopher who lived through the English Civil War and who concluded that people were naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish � Supported powerful government (Supported Charles I and the concept of absolute monarchy) � Outlined his views in Leviathan.

� 1717 -1780 Austrian archduchess � Queen of Bohemia & Hungary from 1740 -1780 � One of the most beloved monarchs in the history of Austria. �

� “Caesar” Title taken by the male ruler of Russia � absolute monarch of Russia � Title � CZAR taken by the female rule of Russia � absolute (female) monarch of Russia CZARINA

� (1672 -1725) � Czar of Russia from 1682 to 1725 � Transformed Russia into a modern state � Was an absolute monarch who brought the ways of Western Europe to Russia and made various reforms. Fun Fact: Peter was 6 feet 7 inches tall!

� 1729 -1796 Czarina of Russia from 1762 to 1796 � Ruling with absolute power, she introduced a number of reforms that extended Peter the Great’s policy of “westernization. ” � Loved French culture!!!!!! Her coronation coach =======

The West is on the move – cultural diffusion – BIG time!!!! the adoption of the culture and ideas of Western society, namely Europe and America – during the Age of Absolution it refers to Western Europe only.