Absolute Monarchs Spanish Empire n Phillip II of
Absolute Monarchs
Spanish Empire n Phillip II of Spain 1527 -1598 ¡ ¡ ¡ Great Grandson of Ferdinand & Isabella Spain, Portugal, Africa, India, East Indies Wealth: gold & silver from American mines n ¡ Built 50, 000 strong army Protector of Catholicism n Ottoman Turks and Protestant England
Problems in Spain n Inflation & Taxes Debt paid to foreign countries Dutch Revolt ¡ ¡ n Protestant Mobs William of Orange Netherlands ¡ ¡ ¡ Form Republic Religious Tolerance Trade Empire
Absolutism n Absolute Monarchs ¡ ¡ Divine Right Political and Religious fighting n Forces kings to raise massive armies & control
Monarchs of France n n Huguenots (French Protestants) vs. Catholics Henry of Navarre (Henry IV)- protestant ¡ ¡ Takes power after Catherine de Medicis dies To keep peace, converted to Catholicism Edict of Nantes Stabbed by fanatic
Monarchs of France n Henry’s son Louis XIII takes throne ¡ Cardinal Richelieu helped Louis rule n n Lead France into 30 Years’ War Skepticism- Writers began to question old ideas ¡ Descartes- philosopher who questioned everything. Lead to scientific method
French Monarchs n Louis XIV- Sun King ¡ ¡ “I am the state” Mercantilism- France becomes self-sufficient Took Canada for Fur Trade Ended Edict of Nantes n ¡ Palace at Versailles n n n ¡ Many protestants left country- took important workers $2 billion in today’s dollars 15, 000 acres of gardens, 1, 400 fountains 2, 000 rooms, 36, 000 workers Disastrous Wars
Graphic Organizers n n n n Phillip II Netherlands Absolutism Huguenots Henry IV Skepticism Louis XIV Description Word Description
Clash of Monarchs n Thirty Years’ War ¡ ¡ ¡ Germany: Protestants vs. Catholics Czech Kingdom of Bohemia: Ferdinand closed protestant churches- German protestants join in to fight Catholics Hapsburg (Catholics) Triumphs early France supports protestants to victory Peace of Westphalia
Clash of Monarchs n Austria ¡ Hapsburgs n n n Prussia ¡ Hohenzollerns n n n Wiped out Protestants, regained land, defeated Ottoman Turks Maria Theresa Best army in Europe 80, 000 strong Fredrick the Great Seven Years’ War ¡ Austria, France, Russia vs. Prussia, G. Britain
Russian Czars n Ivan the Terrible ¡ n Good Period and Bad Period Romanovs ¡ Peter the Great n Westernization
Limiting the Monarchs n n Queen Elizabeth I dies- no heir except cousin James Stuart king of Scotland King James I- King James Bible ¡ n Fought with Parliament King Charles I- son of James ¡ ¡ Petition of Right- gave people more power English Civil War: Oliver Cromwell n Cromwell- Puritan- outlawed immoral actions like theatre
Restoration n Charles II-Cromwell dies Charles I son brought back ¡ ¡ ¡ n Habeas Corpus-right to a judge Flaunted his Catholicism- made protestant England mad Son James II becomes king William of Orange- Netherlands King ¡ ¡ ¡ Invited by protestants to overthrow James II Glorious Revolution Constitutional Monarchy
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