Absolute Monarch Louis XIV of France Scientific Revolution

Absolute Monarch - Louis XIV of France

Scientific Revolution Galilei Newton Copernicus

Scientific Methods – Experimentation and Observation

Questioned traditional View

Enlightenment Philosopher - John Locke - Natural Laws

John Locke

Enlightenment Philosopher Montesquieu

Enlightenment Philosopher – Rousseau. Social Contract and Reason

Main Cause of French Revolution : Estate General -Three Estates

Causes of the French Revolution

Louis XVI - Guillotined

Robespierre/Reign of Terror

Napoleon – Napoleonic Code • Based on Enlightenment Ideal • Create one law code for France • Often compared with Hammurabi Code, Roman Twelve Tables, and Justinian Code

Napoleon Defeated by Russian Winter

Latin America - Independence

Congress of Vienna – Remade Europe After Napoleon

Why Industrial Revolution started in England • Abundant natural resources • Advanced Technology • Surplus of food • Stable economic and political conditions • Irregular coastline • Surplus workers from rural areas • Rivers and extensive canal systems

James Watts Invented Steam Engine

Marx= Marxism = • History is class struggle • Workers will eventually overthrow capitalists • Critical of the Industrial Revolution and its problems • Soviet Union became the world’s first socialist country

The Rise of Middle Class /Bourgeois

Workers formed Union to Fight for Their Rights

Irish Potato Famine

Imperialism/ White Man’s Burden

German Unification/Bismarck

Nationalism - German and Italian Unification