Absolute Identification Dr Murat Kantarcioglu Presentation based on

Absolute Identification Dr. Murat Kantarcioglu Presentation based on “Database Nation” CS 6 v 81 003 -Privacy

History of Biometrics • Increasing population, migration and immigration required identification • First biometric example: Bertillion System – Used for law enforcement – Measured suspect head, arms, feet… – Records are sorted based on anthropometrical signalment CS 6 v 81 003 -Privacy

Finger Prints • Enough variation to be unique • Initially used for identifying criminals • Possible problems – Errors due to Humans and Computers – Finger prints imply guilt – Security of the records – Analysis may be modified • Also popular in non-democratic regimes CS 6 v 81 003 -Privacy

AFIS • Hard to match fingerprints before computers • Computers enabled fast fingerprint search • Initial successes – San Francisco cleared unsolved 860 cases using AFIS CS 6 v 81 003 -Privacy

DNA • Deoxyribonucleic Acid is a unique identifier – Exception Identical twins – 3/1000 identical twins in population • Potential Problem – If two DNAs do not match then no error – Else still a small possible error CS 6 v 81 003 -Privacy

DNA • Careful collection, storage and handling is required for DNA evidence – Remember the O. J. Simpson trial • Privacy threats due to emerging DNA banks – DOD’s soldier DNA databank – FBI Codis System – Data collection and the security of the stored data is critical CS 6 v 81 003 -Privacy

Other Biometric Tools • Retina prints – Retina changes in the pregnant womes • Iris prints – Do not change and can be read from far away – Remember the “Minority report” • Signature and Handwriting • Palm prints and Hand geometry CS 6 v 81 003 -Privacy

Other Biometric Tools • • • Voice prints (not %100 accurate) Face recognition (not %100 accurate) Facial thermograms (reliable but intrusive) Silhouette identification Performance & writing style More testing is needed for above biometrics CS 6 v 81 003 -Privacy