Absinthe By Lany Huynh Alexandra Inslee Kathleen Sered

Absinthe By Lany Huynh, Alexandra Inslee, Kathleen Sered, and Scout Wilkinson

History Precise origins are unclear Medical use of wormwood: Ancient Egypt (1550 BC) - Expelling intestinal worms - Childbirth pains Ancient Greece (Hippocrates) - Jaundice, anemia, PMS - Also had absinthites oinos Roman Empire - Soldiers' sandals - Abortion

First “Modern” Absinthe • Distilled spirit with green anise, • • • fennel, and other herbs Dr. Pierre Ordinaire's all-purpose remedy (1792) o Which he actually got from the Henriod sisters 136 proof "La Fèe Verte" First Distilleries: 1. Dubied Père et Fils, in Couvet, Neuchatel, Switzerland (1797) 2. Maison Pernod Fils in Pontalier, France (1805)

Absinthe in France Popularity in 1840 s: French troops in Algeria Treatment of malaria Fever preventative 1860 s: 5 pm = "l'heure verte" All social classes -1870 s vineyard blight By 1910: French 36 million litres/yr Europe-wide industry

In America 1878: 7 million litres imported from Europe New Orleans as "absinthe capital of America" - Green Opal - Milky Way - Legendre 1907: “The Green Curse of France"

Regulation In The United States 2007 - Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau lifted the longstanding ban on absinthe. Any product containing Artemisia (Absinthe Wormwood) product must be thujone-free. The word "absinthe" can neither be the brand name nor stand alone on the label. The packaging cannot "project images of hallucinogenic, psychotropic or mind-altering effects. " Absinthe imported in violation of these regulations is subject to seizure at the discretion of U. S. Customs.

Ingredients & Distillation Preparation is similar to gin Herbs steeped in distilled alcohol, and then redistilled The essential oil of Artemisia Absinthium (Grande wormwood) contains thujone Gas chromatography study suggested that vintage absinthe contained 260 mg/L thujone Later recreation of this study found no concentration above 4. 3 mg/L

Preparation Five parts water to one part spirit, sugar to taste Water-insoluble oils create the clouding effect (Ouzo effect) Spirit is further diluted (1. 8 L of pure spirit is required for effective dose)

Chemical Composition High alcohol concentration (40 -70%; 80 -140 proof) Phellandrene Pinene (pine trees) Thujyl alcohol Bisaboline (lemon, oregano) Camphene Used in fragrances & as food additive. Too explosive to use for lamp fuel. Nerol (used in fragrances) Thujone (responsible for hallucinogenic effects)

Thujone Metabolized by the liver and excreted in urine Half-life ~ 25 hrs Blocks GABA-A receptors (brain fires faster and more freely, causes muscle spasms and convulsions) Also a 5 -HT 3 antagonist

Ethanol & Thujone Ethanol Indirect GABA agonist Ethanol does not alter inhibitory action of a-thujone Like diazepam or phenobarbital, ethanol may alleviate toxicity of thujone Thujone Inverse GABA agonist Poisoning signs similar to picrotoxin in rats

Ethanol & Thujone, cont’d “Thujone is a GABA-a receptor antagonist, which means it inhibits GABA receptor activation…Many drugs such as ethanol are GABA agonists and produce relaxation partly by increasing GABA neurotransmitter release… Thujone is the opposite of these drugs, by inhibiting GABA receptors thujone decreases GABA’s slow down effect and allows neurons to fire more easily. ” Explanation of ‘clearheaded’ (non-drowsy) drunk

Styles Blanche (la Bleue): Absinthe is bottled directly following distillation and reduction. It is a clear form of absinthe. Verte (or green): The absinthe begins as a clear distillate. It becomes green after adding a new mixture of herbs, called the “colouring step. ” Absenta: Means absinthe in Spanish. It is a sweeter version of Absinthe by using Alicante Anise (type of flower), and also contains a characteristic citrus flavor.

Styles Continued Hausgemacht (German for home-made): A type of absinthe that is home- distilled by hobbyists. They are normally produced in smaller quantities for personal use. Enables the distiller to personally select the herbs and fine- tune each batch. Bohemian- Style Absinth: Not your traditional absinthe. Produced mainly in the Czech Republic. It contains little or no anise, fennel, and other herbs. Contains wormwood and a high alcohol content.

Storage Clear absinthe can be bottled in a clear container. Chlorophyll in naturally green absinthe must be bottled in a dark UV resistant bottle to prevent its breakdown, turning it into an amber color. Pre-ban and vintage absinthes are often an amber color due to this process. It should be stored in a cool, dark, and dry place.

Who here has taken absinthe? These guys have: Vincent Van Gogh Oscar Wilde Pablo Picasso Earnest Hemmingway Vincent Van Gogh Oscar Wilde Why? ? ? Experiences of absinthe creates clearness of thought, creativity of speech and minor hallucinogenic effects Pablo Picasso Earnest Hemingway

Cultural Influences Arts: Vincent Van Gogh drank large amounts of absinthe, which lead to his liberal use of yellow. Pablo Picasso also depicted absinthe in different media, including paintings and sculptures. Literature: Oscar Wilde asked, “What difference is there between a glass of absinthe and a sunset”?

Still interested? P L The Tower Bar (4757 University Avenue San Diego, CA 92105) A C E S Anthology (1337 India Street San Diego, CA 92101)

References "About absinthe kits". wormwoodsociety. <http: //wormwoodsociety. org /ABSfaq. html#swill>. Retrieved 2008 -09 -17. "Absinthe. " Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 14 Feb. 2011. <http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Absinthe>. Patocka, Jiri, and Bohumil Plucar. "Pharmacology and Toxicology of Absinthe. " Journal of Applied Biomedicine (2003): 199205. 02 Oct. 2003. Web. 07 Feb. 2011. Ratra G. S. , S. G. Kamita, J. E. Casida: Role of human GABA(A) receptor beta 3 subunit in insecticide toxicity. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 172: 233 – 240, 2001. Wells, Pete. "A Liquor Legend Makes a Comeback. " The New York Times 07 Dec. 2007. Print. Höld, Karin. “α-Thujone (the active component of absinthe): γAminobutyric acid type A receptor modulation and metabolic detoxification” April 11, 2000 vol. 97 no. 8 3826 -3831. 21 March 2001

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