About Zinpro Corporation The feed industry leader in

About Zinpro Corporation The feed industry leader in the manufacturing, research and marketing of Performance Minerals® for animals.

About Zinpro Corporation A privately-held, family owned company, Zinpro Corporation’s steady growth has come as a result of: • quality products, • quality people and • focus on trace mineral nutrition.

Our history Zinpro’s history dates back to 1971, when the late Dean Anderson discovered how to biochemically bind zinc to methionine to create a simple, highly stable molecule. This highly-stable molecule is easily absorbed and utilized by animals.

Our history Pioneered organic trace mineral industry more than 45 years ago. Continues to lead the way with superior trace mineral nutrition products.

Our products • Designed and manufactured to be the most highly absorbed and utilized by the animal • Zinpro manufactures products through a patented complexing technology

Proven research • Our Performance Minerals are backed by an unmatched portfolio of science-based animal performance data • Research is validated and published in peer-reviewed publications • To date a total of 178 peer reviewed papers published

ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5 R 42 Peer Reviewed Publications – Poultry 1 Bahrami, A. , M. M. Moeini, S. H. Ghazi and M. R. Targhibi. 2012. The effect of different levels of organic and inorganic chromium supplementation on immune function of broiler chicken under heat-stress conditions. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 21: 209 -215. Sh. Ghazi, M. Habibanm, M 2. M. Moeini and A. R. Abdolmohammadi. 2011. Effects of different levels of organic and inorganic chromium and growth performance and immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 146: 309 -317. Saenmahayak, B. , S. F. Bilgili, J. B. Hess and M. Singh. 2010. Live and processing performance of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with complexed zinc. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 19: 334 -340. Moghaddam, H. N. , and R. Jahanian. 2009. Immunological responses of broiler chicks can be modulated by dietary supplementation of zinc-methionine in place of inorganic zinc sources. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 22: 396 -403. Reis, R. N. , S. L. Vieira, P. C. Nascimento, J. E. Pena, R. Barros and C. A. Torres. 2009. Selenium contents of eggs from broiler breeders supplemented with sodium selenite or zinc-L-selenium-methionine. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 18: 151 -157. Chantiratikul, A. , O. Chinrasri and P. Shantiratikul. 2008. Effect of sodium selenite and zinc-L-selenomethionine on performance and selenium concentrations in eggs of laying hens. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 21: 1048 -1052. Jahanian, R. , H. Nassiri Moghaddam, A. Rezaei and A. R. Haghparast. 2008. The influence of dietary zinc-methionine substitution for zinc sulfate on broiler chick performance. J. Biol. Sci. 8: 321 -327. Swiatkiewicz, S. , J. Koreleski. 2008. The effect of zinc and manganese source in the diet for laying hens on eggshell and bones quality. Vet. Medicina. 53: 555 -563. Barber, S. J. , H. M. Parker and C. D. Mc. Daniel. 2005. Broiler breeder semen quality as affected by trace minerals in vitro. Poultry Science 84: 100 -105. Tako, E. , P. Ferket and Z. Uni. 2005. Changes in chicken intestinal zinc exporter m. RNA expression and small intestinal functionality following intra-amniotic zinc-methionine administration. J. Nutritional Biochemistry 16: 339 -346. Burrell, A. L. , W. A. I. Dozier, A. Davis, M. M. Compton, M. E. Freeman, P. F. Vendrell and T. L. Ward. 2004. Responses of broilers to dietary zinc concentrations and sources in relation to environmental implications. British Poultry Science 45: 255 -263. Cheng, T. , Y. Guo. 2004. Effects of Salmonella typhymurium lipopolysaccharide challenge on the performance, immune responses and zinc metabolism of laying hens supplemented with two zinc sources. Asian-Aust. J. Amin. Sci. 17: 1717 -1724. Hudson, B. P. , B. D. Fairchild, J. Wilson, W. A. I. Dozier and R. J. Buhr. 2004. Breeder age and zinc source in broiler breeder hen diets on progeny characteristics at hatching. J. Appl. Poult. Res 2004: 55 -64. CG - 259

ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5 R 42 Peer Reviewed Publications – Poultry 2 Hudson, B. P. , W. A. Dozier, III, J. Wilson, J. E. Sander and T. L. Ward. 2004. Reproductive performance and immune status of caged broiler breeder hens provided diets supplemented with either inorganic or organic sources of zinc from hatching to 65 wk of age. J. Appl. Poult. Res 13 : 349 -359. Hudson, B. P. , W. A. I. Dozier, B. D. Fairchild, J. Wilson, J. E. Sander, and T. L. Ward. 2004. Live performance and immune responses of straight-run broilers: influence of zinc sources in broiler breeder hen and progeny diets and ambient temperature during the broiler production period. J. Appl. Poult. Res 2004: 291 -301. Virden, W. S. , J. B. Yeatman, S. J. Barber, K. O. Willeford, T. L. Ward, T. M. Fakler, R. F. Wideman and M. T. Kidd. 2004. Immune system and cardiac functions of progeny chicks from dams fed diets differing in zinc and manganese level and source. Poult. Sci 83: 344 -351. Downs, K. M. , R. A. Norton, K. S. Macklin, J. B. Hess. 2003. Potential of vitamin E and zinc-amino acid complex for the reduction of cellulitis in broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Sci. 23: 25 -32. Dozier, W. A. , III, A. J. Davis, M. E. Freeman and T. L. Ward. 2003. Early growth and environmental implications of dietary zinc and copper concentrations and sources of broiler chicks. British Poultry Science 44: 726 -731. Mabe, I. , C. J. Rapp, M. M. Bain and Y. Nys. 2003. Supplementation of a corn-soybean meal diet with manganese, copper and zinc from organic or inorganic sources improves eggshell quality in aged laying hens. 2003 Poultry Science 82: 1903 -1913. Virden, W. S. , J. B. Yeatman, S. J. Barber, C. D. Zumwalt, T. L. Ward, A. B. Johnson and M. T. Kidd. 2003. Hen mineral nutrition impacts progeny livability. J. Appl. Poult. Res Vol. 12: 411 -416. Chen, J. and D. Balnave. 2001. The influence of drinking water containing sodium chloride on performance and eggshell quality of a modern colored layer strain. Poultry Science 80: 91 -94. Hess, J. B. , S. F. Bilgili, A. M. Parson and K. M. Downs. 2001. Influence of complexed zinc products on live performance and carcass grade of broilers. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 19: 49 -60. Swiatkiewicz, S. , J. Koreleski and D. Q. Zhong. 2001. The bioavailability of zinc from inorganic and organic sources in broiler chickens as affected by addition of phytase. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 10: 317 -328. Downs, K. M. , J. B. Hess, K. S. Macklin and R. A. Norton. 2000. Dietary zinc complexes and vitamin E for reducing cellulitis incidence in broilers. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 9: 319 -323. Kidd, M. T. , P. R. Ferket and M. A. Qureshi. 1996. Zinc metabolism with special reference to its role in immunity. World’s Poultry Science Journal 52: 309 -324. CG - 259. 1

ZINPRO PERFORMANCE MINERALS 5 R 42 Peer Reviewed Publications – Poultry 3 Kidd, M. T. , M. A. Qureshi, P. R. Ferket and L. N. Thomas. 1994. Blood clearance of Escherichia coli and evaluation of mononuclearphagocytic system as influenced by supplemental dietary zinc methionine in young turkeys. Poultry Sci. 73: 1381 -1389. Pott, E. B. , P. R. Henry, C. B. Ammerman, A. M. Merritt, J. B. Madison, R. D. Miles. 1994. Relative bioavailability of copper in a copperlysine complex for chicks and lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. & Technol. 45: 193 -203. Aoyagi S. and D. H. Baker. 1993. Nutritional evaluation of copper-lysine and zinc-lysine complexes for chicks. Poultry Science 72: 165 -71. Kidd, M. T. , N. B. Anthony and S. R. Lee. 1993. Effect of supplemental zinc in either a corn-soybean or a milo and corn-soybean meal diet on the performance of young broiler breeders and their progeny. Poultry Science 72: 1492 -1499. Kidd, M. T. , N. B. Anthony, Z. Johnson and S. R. Lee. 1992. Effect of Zinc Methionine Supplementation on the Performance of Mature Broiler Breeders. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 1: 207 -211. Kidd, M. T. , N. B. Anthony and S. R. Lee. 1992. Progeny performance when dams and chicks are fed supplemental zinc. Poultry Science 71: 1201 -1206. Wedekind, K. J. , A. E. Hortin and D. H. Baker. 1992. Methodology for assessing zinc bioavailability: efficacy estimates for zinc-methionine, zinc sulfate, and zinc oxide. J. Anim. Sci. 70: 178 -187. Moreng, R. E. , D. Balnave and D. Zhang. 1992. Dietary zinc methionine effect on eggshell quality of hens drinking saline water. Poultry Science 71: 1163 -1167. Baker, D. H. , J. Odle, M. A. Funk and T. M. Wieland. 1991. Bioavailability of copper in cupric oxide, cuprous oxide, and in copper-lysine complex. Poultry Science 70: 177 -179. Pimentel, J. L. , M. E. Cook, and J. L. Greger. 1991. Research Note: Bioavailability of zinc-methionine for chicks. Poultry Science 70: 1637 -1639. Scheideler, S. E. 1991. Interaction of dietary calcium, manganese and manganese source (Mn oxide or Mn methionine complex) on chick performance and manganese utilization. Biological Trace Element Research 29: 217 -228. Henry, P. R. , C. B. Ammerman, and R. D. Miles. 1989. Relative bioavailability of manganese in a manganese-methionine complex for broiler chicks. Poultry Sci. 68: 107 -112. CG - 259. 1

Zehava Uni - Research

Headquartered in Eden Prairie, Minnesota, USA Zinpro Corporation has employees in more than 15 countries and markets its products in more than 55 countries worldwide

Our locations Zinpro Performance Minerals are manufactured at the company’s highly-specialized production facilities located in • Garner, Iowa (2 Facilities); • North Branch, Minnesota • Shell Rock, Iowa (2014)

Manufacturing assurance Zinpro Corporation proudly participates in numerous quality assurance certification programs including: ISO 9001: 2000, • HACCP • FAMI-QS • FCI • Safe Food/Safe Feed

Why trace minerals? Scientifically proven that trace minerals are essential for basic metabolic functions that affect overall health and well-being of animals Moderate deficiencies can adversely impact animal performance

IMPACT OF STATUS Impact Of Trace Mineral Status On Biological Function Trace Mineral Status Decreasing Status Increasing Status Immunity & Enzyme Function Maximum Production/Reproduction NRC Req Normal Production/Reproduction Deficiency Optimal Subclinical Clinical Time Stat - 1 NRC Req NRC = Nutritional research council Subclinical Optimal

TRACE MINERALS INTERACTIONS Trace Mineral Interactions Key Interactions Cl P S K Zn Co F As Fe Fe Zn Se Mg Ca Na I Mo PT - 79 Mn Cu Ca Cu, Ca, Fe Zn, Cu, Mn Zn, Cu

Trace Minerals Interactions Effect Of Dietary Calcium On Copper Retention Cu Retention ppm Feed 10 7. 5 15. 2 p 5 2. 5 7. 6 pm pp m 0 Cu d Cu What about broiler breeder diets with 3+% Ca? iet die t -4 0. 7 0. 8 0. 9 % Ca Content of Diet PG - 160 Adapted from Kirchgessner & Grassmann, 1970 1. 0

Trace Minerals Antagonists In Poultry Diets § Fibers § Myco-toxins § Toxin binders § Calcium (Ca) § Clay § Phytates (Phytic acid / antioxidant compounds found in whole grain) m. PG - 96

45: 1: 5

OTMs – The “MUST’’ have Criteria § The compound must be water soluble § The complex must be stable in the range of physiological p. H’s (p. H 2. 0 to 7. 4) § The complex must be stable in presence of chelating agents in diet § The complex must be absorbable from the GI § The complex must result in the increased availability of the metal and amino acid § The product must be proven to improve animal performance

DIFFERENTIATION OF ORGANIC TRACE MINERALS Organic Trace Mineral Classification / AFFCO § Metal (Specific Amino Acid) Complex Zn § Metal Amino Acid Complex § Metal Amino Acid Chelate § Metal Proteinate Zn AA AA AA Zn AA Met Zn AA AA Zn Zn § Metal Polysaccharide Complex Zn Zn Zn § Metal Propionate CPX - 22 Prop. -1 Zn+2 Zn Zn Zn AA

FEED Energy Protein Minerals Water Fibers Vitamins Trace Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, Se, I, Fe Other Minerals Oxides, Sulfates, Chlorides, Carbonates, Selenite Acetates, Proteinates, Glycinates , Propionates, Butyrates, Polysaccharides CG - 245 Macro P, Mg, Na, Cl, K, Ca, S Performance Minerals ZPM