ABOUT UNFCCC OECD Climate Change Group 4 Sonia

ABOUT UNFCCC & OECD Climate Change Group 4 이문영, 장효정, 정혜원, 안혜원, 서유라, 주현정, Sonia

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Why is global warming happening? • destruction of the ozone layer Carbon dioxide and Freon gas are the biggest cause of global warming. These increase the temperature of the earth and destroy ozone layer. The role of the ozone layer : 1. To protect life on Earth from harmful ultraviolet rays. 2. Promoting the marine phytoplankton growth 3. Protect skin cancer 4. Strengthen the human immune function

The temperature of the world continues to go up.

Increasing 1. Air Temperature 2. Sea level 3. Specific Humidity 4. Ocean Heat Content, 5. Sea-surface Temperature, 6. Temperature Over Oceans 7. Land surface air Temperature Over Land

What are some of the damage of global warming? According to simulation of the World Climate Conference, The sea level will increase 3 ~ 10 cm every 10 years. So over time 1. the many islands and coastal cities will disappear into the sea. 2. it is difficult to obtain the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and water. Because, river and lake will dry. 3. disasters such as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods will happen more frequently.

Because of melting glacier, polar bears can not change their place. Polar bear can not get food to eat. Eventually, they eat them race.

The island sinks due to sea level rise.

What is UNFCCC? Introduction S UNFCCC=The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change. It is an international environmental treaty negotiated at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro from June 3 to 14, 1992. The objective of the treaty is to "stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system

Classification of Parties and their commitments Annex I: Parties to the UNFCCC listed in Annex I of the Convention. These are the industrialized (developed) countries and "economies in transition" (EITs). EITs are the former centrally-planned (Soviet) economies of Russia and Eastern Europe. Annex II: Parties to the UNFCCC listed in Annex II of the Convention. Annex II Parties are made up of members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Annex B: Parties listed in Annex B of the Kyoto Protocol are Annex I Parties with first- or second-round Kyoto greenhouse gas emissions targets Non-Annex I: Parties to the UNFCCC not listed in Annex I of the Convention are mostly low-income[7] developing countries. [5] Least-developed countries (LDCs): 49 Parties are LDCs, and are given special status under the treaty in view of their limited capacity to adapt to the effects of climate change

TREATY S UNFCCC was opened for signature at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro (known by its popular title, the Earth Summit). On June 12, 1992, 154 nations signed the UNFCCC, that upon ratification committed signatories' governments to reduce atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases with the goal of "preventing dangerous anthropogenic interference with Earth's climate system

MEMBERS S UNFCCC has 195 parties. ex) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh +UNFCCC has Observers 1. Holy See[47] 2. Palestine

WHAT IS OECD? • History established in 1961 • Headquarters Paris, France • Membership 34 countries • Budget EUR 347 million • Publications 250 new titles/year

Their mission The mission of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is to promote policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world. The OECD provides a forum in which governments can work together to share experiences and seek solutions to common problems

HISTORY S The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) celebrated its 50 th anniversary, but its roots go back to the rubble of Europe after World War II. Determined to avoid the mistakes of their predecessors in the wake of World War I, European leaders realised that the best way to ensure lasting peace was to encourage co-operation and reconstruction, rather than punish the defeated

THE OECD’S CORE VALUES • Objective: their analyses and recommendations are independent and evidence-based. • Open: they encourage debate and a shared understanding of critical global issues. • Bold: They are dare to challenge conventional wisdom starting with our own. • Pioneering: They identify and address emerging and long term challenges. • Ethical: Their credibility is built on trust, integrity and transparency.

OECD's way of working

The Carbon Emission

The Carbon Credit • Generic term for any tradable certificate or permit representing the right to emit one tonne of carbon dioxide or the mass of another greenhouse gas with a carbon dioxide equivalent (t. CO 2 e) equivalent to one tonne of carbon dioxide.

The Carbon Credit and Carbon market • Component of national and international attempts to mitigate the growth in concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs)

The Carbon Credit • Pros and Cons ▷ Look forward to the appearance of the eco-friendly enterprises. ▷ If it gets more serious in the regulation of carbon emissions, corporations have a lot of resistance.

Kyoto's 'Flexible mechanisms' • The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) • the Joint Implementation (JI) • Carbon Emissions Trading

carbon market • A country is ratified to release 15 units of cabon emissions reduction. • B country is ratified to release 10 units of carbon emissions reduction. • in reality, A country released 10 units but B country release 12 units. • so B country can buy 2 units from A country in order to meet the emisson target.

The EU emissions trading system (EU ETS) • The first - and still by far the biggest - international system for trading greenhouse gas emission allowances

Policies • The EU ETS works on the 'cap and trade' principle. • a company must surrender enough allowances to cover all its emissions, otherwise heavy fines are imposed. • Altogether the EU ETS covers around 45% of total greenhouse gas emissions from the 27 EU countries

ABOUT OECD GREEN GROWTH Group 4

OECD of Climate Change policy • • Adaptation Financing Climate Change Action MRV Carbon Markets Modelling Cities, Climate Change and Green Growth Development UNFCCC conferences

What is the “GREEN GROWTH”? Green Growth is a term to describe a path of economic growth which uses natural resources in a sustainable manner. It is used globally to provide an alternative concept to standard economic growth. See also green economy.

OECD Actions 1 <Green Growth Knowledge Platform> • Green growth and sustainable development forum 2012 – Green-growth and sustainable-development issues as well as for the identification of key knowledge gaps that could usefully be addressed by future work of OECD Committees.

OECD Actions 2 <Green growth indicators> • Monitoring progress towards green growth requires indicators based on internationally comparable data. • Relevant OECD work for monitoring progress towards green growth.

Green Growth Indicators topics

Green Growth Indicators - Measurement frame work

OECD Actions 3 <Green Growth Lessons> • A clean energy economy - Lessons from Iceland (2013. 2. 27)

Green Growth in the world

signal light from OECD

OECD green growth indicators in practice • Countries like the Czech Republic, Korea and the Netherlands have already applied and adjusted the OECD green growth measurement framework and indicators to their specific national contexts to assess their state of green growth. With the support of OECD, the Latin America Development Bank, the Latin American and the Caribbean Economic System and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, work is underway in Mexico, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Paraguay to apply the OECD indicators as a way to identify key areas of national concern and the scope for improving the design, choice and performance of policy instruments.

OECD / UNIDO WORKSHOP 7 June 2012 This expert workshop was organized by the OECD and the UNIDO as part of the UNIDO initiative to develop and monitor green growth in Latin America by using the OECD Green Growth measurement framework and drawing on the rich UNEP experience with environmental indicators in Latin America. It brought together international experts and officials from the Latin American economic and environment ministries that were involved in production of country reports. The overall objective of the initiative is to establish a measurement framework in Latin America that would bring together economic and environmental data to help governments and other stakeholders to assess opportunities for green growth. The purpose of the workshop was to exchange experience among the users of the OECD Green Growth and UNEP indicators and to provide expert advice on country reports presented by the delegates from Latin America.

The GGKP’s second annual conference, Paris 4 -5 April 2013 • The general purpose of the second GGKP annual conference was to focus on private sector implementation aspects of green growth in areas of mutual interest to advanced, emerging and developing countries. The two-day discussion were framed around the following headline themes: Greening global value chains and Measurement and reporting for green growth. See the link below for the conference webpage. • Over time, the GGKP website will roll out new green-growth related programs, report activities from around the world, link to organizers’ flagship reports as well as create a collaborative online community for green growth stakeholders. The GGKP is a global network of researchers and development experts that identifies and addresses major knowledge gaps in green growth theory and practice, to help countries design and implement green growth policy. Through widespread consultation and world-class research, the GGKP provides practitioners and policymakers with better tools to foster economic growth and implement sustainable development. • The Green Growth Knowledge Platform (GGKP) has been developed in partnership between the Global Green Growth Institute, the OECD, UNEP, and the World Bank. •

Carbon credit & Carbon market UNFCCC improves climate change effectively. Carbon credit set a limit directly on national or international carbon emissions. Countries set up the carbon emission quantity in UNFCCC, and each countries or companies try to reduce emission and also to trade permits each other. Thus, carbon credit makes countries counteract climate change voluntarily.

Carbon credit & Carbon market Now, many countries participate in reduction of greenhouse gasses

Green Growth OECD improves climate change effectively. Green Growth is one of the best ways that reduces CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion and boosts economic growth at the same time. The 1 st and 3 rd actions alert people to the importance of Green Growth. • Green Growth Knowledge Platform • Green Growth Lessons The 2 nd action encourages many countries to strive for Green Growth. • Green growth indicators

Green Growth Now, a lot of countries make efforts to develop green energy industry.

Thank you!