About the Language I Stage XIII Infinitives Introducing

About the Language I Stage XIII: Infinitives

Introducing Infinitives Study the following pairs of sentences: • • Loquax cantat. Loquax is singing. Servi dominum vident. The slaves see the master. • Pueri currunt. The boys are running. Salvius Bregantem punit. Salvius punishes Bregans. • • • Loquax cantare vult. Loquax wants to sing. Servi dominum videre nolunt. . The slaves does not want to see the master. Pueri celeriter currere possunt. The boys are able to run quickly. Salvius Bregantem punire potest. Salvius is able to punish Bregans. The form of the verb in boldface is know as the infinitive. It usually ends in -re.

B. Further Examples • Translate the following examples and write down the Latin infinitive in each sentence: 1. Anti-Loquax currit. Anti-Loquax currere potest. 2. Bregans laborat. Bregans laborare non vult. 3. gemini fabulam audire volunt. 4. pueri festinare non possunt.

C. Verb Conjugations Verbs, like nouns, belong to “families”. Verb families are called conjugations. The vowel that precedes the -re of the infinitive determines the conjugation to which the verb belongs. For example: First Conjugation cantāre Second Conjugation vidēre Third Conjugation currere Fourth Conjugation punīre To which conjugation do the following verbs belong? 1. ducere 5. festināre 2. dormīre 6. manēre 3. postulāre 7. audīre 4. habēre 8. facere

D. Verbs Used With Infinitives The verbs volo, nolo, and possum are often used with an infinitive. Each forms its present tense as follows: Volo, Velle, Volui (ego) volo (to) vis (he, she, it) vult (nos) volumus (vos) vultis (they) volunt I want you want he, she, it wants we want you all want they want Nolo, Nolle, Nolui (ego) nolo I do not want (to) non vis you do not want (s/he/it) non vult s/he/it does not want (nos) nolumus we do not want (vos) non vultis you all do not want (they) nolunt they do not want Possum, Posse, Potui (ego) possum I am able (to) potes you are able (he, she, it) potest he, she, it is able (nos) possmus we are able (vos) potestis you all are able (they) possunt they are able ***posum, posse, potui can also be translated as “can”

E. Further Examples • Translate the following sentences: 1. Ego pugnare possum. 2. Nos effugere non possumus. 3. Tu laborare non vis. 4. Coquus cenam optimam parare potest. 5. Celeriter currere potestis 6. In villa manere nolo 7. Laborare nolunt. 8. Vinum bibere volumus.

About the Language II Stage XIII: Enclitic -que

A. In this stage, you have met a new ay of saying “and” in Latin: pueri puellaeque boys and girls *Note that -que is added on to the end of the second word B. -que can also be used to link sentences together: dominus ex equo descendit villamque intravit. The master got off his horse and went into the house. Further examples: 1. Varica servos ancillasque inspexit. 2. Bregans canisque in ordine stabant. 3. Salvius aream intrait Varicamque salutavit.