ABLATIVE REVIEW FOR THE AGES ABLATIVE OF MEANS

ABLATIVE REVIEW FOR THE AGES

ABLATIVE OF MEANS • NO PREPOSITION • IS THE MEANS OR INSTRUMENT USED TO “DO” THE VERB • NEVER PEOPLE • TRANSLATE AS “BY MEANS OF” OR “WITH” Example – Gladiator gladiō virum miserum interfēcit. The gladiator killed the poor man by means of a sword.

ABLATIVE OF ACCOMPANIMENT • USES PREPOSITION - CUM • IS PERSON OR ANIMAL • TRANSLATE AS “WITH” OR “ALONG WITH” • DESCRIBES THE PERSON/ANIMAL ACCOMPANYING Example: Mater ad ludum cum suā filiā ambulat. Mother is walking with her daughter to school.

ABLATIVE OF AGENT • USES PREPOSITION - Ā/AB (DO YOU KNOW WHEN TO USE Ā OR AB? ) • TRANSLATE AS “BY” • MUST BE PASSIVE VOICE!!! • MUST BE PERSON (OCCASSIONALY ANIMALS) • DESCRIBES THE AGENT “DOING” THE VERB. CONTRAST THIS WITH ACTIVE VOICE WHERE THE SUBJECT “DOES” THE VERB. 3 PS! Example: Captivus ā milite Romanō in arenam ductus est. The prisoner was led into the arena by the Roman soldier.

ABLATIVE OF MANNER • CAN USE PREPOSITION – CUM • 3 WAYS TO FORM – • • • CUM + ABLATIVE NOUN ABLATIVE ADJECTIVE + CUM + ABLATIVE NOUN – DIPLOMA WAY ABLATIVE ADJECTIVE + ABLATIVE NOUN • DESCRIBES THE WAY ONE FEELS ABOUT “DOING” THE VERB Examples: Puer cum studiō librum lēgit. The boy read the book with enthusiasm. Hostis ad castra magnō cum timore accedit. The enemy approaches the camp with great fear. Poeta carmen novum multō gaudiō scribit. The poet is writing the new poem with much joy.

ABLATIVE OF TIME (WITHIN WHICH) • • • NO PREPOSITION DESCRIBES SPECIFIC POINT IN TIME “AT WHICH” SOMETHING IS TAKING PLACE (NEVER LENGTH OF TIME) EASY IF YOU LOOK FOR TIME WORDS! Example: Hāc hieme cum meīs parentibus in provinicā manebō. In this winter I will stay with my parents in the province.

ABLATIVE OF RESPECT (SPECIFICATION) • • NO PREPOSITION DESCRIBES THE RESPECT TO WHICH SOMETHING IS OR IS DONE USUALLY A NOUN PLAYING OFF OF A VERB OR AN ADJECTIVE CAN TRANSLATE AS “IN RESPECT TO” OR “IN” Examples – Fratrēs parēs aetate paene sunt. The brothers are almost equal in age. Athlētae Graecī celeritate athlētās Rōmānōs semper superant. The Greek athletes always surpass the Roman athletes in speed.

ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE • USES AN ABLATIVE NOUN USUALLY MODIFIED BY AN ABLATIVE PARTICIPLE (MOST COMMON IS PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE BUT CAN BE ANY PARTICIPLE) • DESCRIBES THE TIME OR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE REST OF THE BUT SENTENCE DOESN’T GRAMMATICALLY CONNECT TO REST OF SENTENCE!!! VERY OBVIOUS WHEN YOU SEE THEM AND VERY, VERY COMMON. • I PREFER LITERAL TRANSLATION SO THAT I KNOW YOU KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING. Example: Nostrā navī fractā, castra noctem totum posuimus. With our ship having been broken, we pitched camp for the whole night.

ABLATIVES OF PLACE FROM & TO PLACE FROM • PREPOSITIONS – Ā/AB, DĒ, Ē/EX • • • Ā/AB – AWAY FROM DĒ – DOWN FROM, ABOUT OR CONCERNING (MORE COMMON) Ē/EX – OFF OF, FROM, OUT OF PLACE TO • PREPOSITIONS – IN • TRANSLATE - IN , ON

ACRONYM TO HELP YOU REMEMBER PREPOSITIONS THAT USE ABLATIVE…

ONLY ONES NOT COVERED IN OTHER SLIDES - SUB – UNDER, CLOSE TO SINE - WITHOUT PRO – FOR, ON BEHALF OF

WHOLE THING IS - IN AB SUB CUM DĒ SINE PRO EX