ABIOTIC VS BIOTIC FACTORS THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT BIOTIC
ABIOTIC VS. BIOTIC FACTORS
THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT • BIOTIC FACTORS- ALL THE LIVING ORGANISMS THAT INHABIT AN ENVIRONMENT. • EXAMPLES: PLANTS, ANIMALS, PEOPLE, BACTERIA • ALL ORGANISMS DEPEND ON OTHERS DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY FOR FOOD, SHELTER, REPRODUCTION, OR PROTECTION. 2
THE NONLIVING ENVIRONMENT • ABIOTIC FACTORS- THE NONLIVING PARTS OF AN ORGANISM’S ENVIRONMENT. • EXAMPLES: WIND, TEMPERATURE, WATER, LIGHT, AND SOIL. • ABIOTIC FACTORS AFFECT AN ORGANISM’S LIFE, THEY INCLUDE ESSENTIAL RESOURCES NECESSARY FOR SURVIVAL. 3
World Land Biomes
Boreal Forest (aka Taiga) Coniferous – needle bearing trees Low sunlight Poor soil Long and cold winters Location: Found only in Northern Hemisphere
Desert Ecosystems Less than 10 in/yr of rain…DRY Little to no top soil Waxy plants
Northwest Coniferous Forest Mild temperatures Abundant rain in the fall This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Ample water and nutrients Lush, dense plants This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Temperate Deciduous Forests found in temperate zone – adapt to many seasons (about 480 North latitude) § Much of the human population lives in this biome § Deciduous – leaf bearing trees (drop leaves and go dormant) § Fertile soil §
Temperate Grassland warm summers, cold winters, seasonal rainfall rich, fertile top soil grasses – resistant to grazing and fire Location: Found in Russia and Ukraine http: //www. blueplanetbiomes. org/steppe. htm
Temperate woodland & shrubland Warm, dry summers Cool, moist winters Nutrient - poor soils Periodic fires Woody plants, waxy leaves Fire resistance is important, yet some seeds require fire to germinate
Tropical Dry Forest Warm year round Alternating wet and dry seasons Rich soils subject to erosion Some plants have extra thick waxy layer to reduce water loss Many animals reduce need for water by entering long periods of inactivity similar to hibernation
Tropical Grassland/Savanna Contain the greatest number of grazing animals on Earth. Location: Found in the tropics…near equator Amount of precipitation supports tall grasses but only occasional trees. Supports animals who migrate http: //www. runet. edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG 235/biomes/savanna. html
Tropical Rainforest Location: Found near equator…little variation in temperatures. No distinct seasonal changes. Earth's most complex land biome Hot and moist High biodiversity
Tundra Temp rarely above 10°C Permafrost Plants w/ shallow roots Animals with insulation http: //www. runet. edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG 235/biomes/tundra. html
Estuaries Wetland formed where a river meets the sea (fresh and salt water often mix) Spawning and nursery ground for many ecologically and commercially important fish and shellfish Salt tolerant grasses and seagrasses Mangrove (salt tolerant trees) swamps This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
Oceans – different zones Photic & Aphotic PHOTIC – THE SUNLIGHT REGION NEAR THE SURFACE WHERE PHOTOSYNTHESIS CAN OCCUR INTERTIDAL, COASTAL AND OPEN OCEAN FOOD CHAINS BASED ON PLANKTON APHOTIC – DARK AREA WHERE PHOTOSYNTHESIS CANNOT OCCUR HIGH PRESSURE FRIGID TEMPERATURES USE CHEMICAL ENERGY
Freshwater – rivers and streams Often originate from underground water sources in mountains and hills Near source – little plant life Downstream, sediments build up and plants establish themselves Animals depend on terrestrial plants and animals that live along banks This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
Freshwater Ecosystems – lakes and ponds Salinity <0. 5 ppt. Lake are the deepest of fresh water systems Lakes are fed by underground aquifer or stream Ponds are fed by rainfall and may be seasonal http: //mbgnet. mobot. org/fresh/ This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Groups of 2 or 3 – choose a biome (first come first serve) Research (on word document or in notes) Name of Biome General Description Abiotic Factors Amount rainfall Temperatures Location (latitude) Biotic Factors Types of plants Types of animals Types of microorganisms BIOME RESEARCH PROJECT
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