ability and inability to remember To start fill

ability and inability to remember To start - fill in the blanks on our learning intentions Learning Intentions: 1. Explain the use of _ _ _ _ dependent cues and _ _ _ dependent cues in memory. 2. Define the process of maintenance _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ rehearsal as methods on increasing _ _ _ _ of STM. 3. Outline the serial position _ _ _ and apply this to

Forgetting is the inability to access or recover information previously stored in memory.

Context dependent cues - environmental cues in the specific context or environment where the memory was formed, which enhance the retrieval of memories formed in that context. Our physical surroundings during learning provide external cues that may aid retrieval at a later time they help to put the memory in context. If you cannot visit the environment where the memory was formed, using visual imagery can help forming a mental representation, or mental picture, of an item or scene.

State Dependent Cues State-dependent cues – retrieval cues associated with your internal physiological or psychological state at the time the memory was formed, which enhance the retrieval of memories formed in that state. E. g. people who learnt a list of words while in a happy mood recalled the words better when they were happy again. Being under the influence of a particular drug aids recall of info. stored when previously under the influence of that same drug.

Increasing the Capacity of STM has a limited duration, holding info. for approximately 18 – 20 seconds. The limited duration ensures that we do not miss out on any new & vital info. by getting rid of unimportant excess info. STM duration can be prolonged by rehearsal. Rehearsal – active manipulation of info. in STM in order to hold it for longer than usual. Two types of rehearsal are: Maintenance rehearsal Elaborative rehearsal

Maintenance rehearsal – Rehearsal repeating info. (silently or verbally) a number of times so it can be held in STM for longer than the usual 18 – 20 secs. The more times it is rehearsed, the longer it is held in STM, & the higher the chances of being stored in LTM.

Elaborative Rehearsal Elaborative rehearsal – linking new info. in some meaningful way with info. already stored in LTM, or with other pieces of new info. , to hold it in STM for longer than the usual 18 – 20 secs. Elaborative rehearsal increases the chance of transferring new info. to & retrieving it from LTM. Self-referencing – elaborative rehearsal technique involving linking new info. to the self or to personal experience to hold it in STM for longer than the usual 18 – 20 secs. Self-referencing increases the chance of transferring info. to & retrieving it from LTM.

Elaborative Rehearsal

Serial Position Effect Logbook activity: I will read a list of 20 words and that their job is to remember as many of the words as possible. You will need to concentrate on listening as carefully as possible incomplete silence with no distractions. You may NOT write anything. Do you think the position of the word in the list will have an impact on your memory? This is your hypothesis.

Serial Position Effect Results: Graph these results in your logbook.

Serial Position Effect Serial-position effect – a pattern of recall for list items, where recall is better for items at the beginning or end of a list than for items in the middle. Recency effect – recall is best for items at the end of a list. This is often attributed to the final few words being retained in STM. Primacy effect – recall is best for the first items on the list. This is often attributed to the first few words entering an ‘empty’ STM whereas, subsequent activities interfere with items at the end of the list. The first items can therefore, be transferred to LTM.

Serial Position Effect Research shows that: If recall is immediate, the best recall is for items at the end of a list, than items at the beginning of the list, then for items in the middle of the list. If recall is delayed , the best recall is for items at the beginning of a list, then for items at the end of the list, then for items in the middle of the list (recency effect is lost).

Serial Position Effect Complete your activity template and glue it into your logbook

Reflection and Homework Press conference - come up with at least one question that you have about today’s lesson to ask the expert. Complete learning activity 7. 15 and the chapter 7 test in your textbook for homework.

Maintenance rehearsal Elaborative rehearsal

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