Abdur Rahim Assistant Teacher Matkhola ML High School
Abdur Rahim Assistant Teacher Matkhola ML High School Pakundia, Kishoreganj
Class Nine/Ten Subject: English 2 nd Paper Topic : Transformation (Simple, Complex, Compound) Subtopic: Phrase and Clause
Before Diving Into Transformation
We have to know about
Phrases and Clauses
What is a phrase?
A phrase is “two or more than two words having no finite verbs” used as a single ELEMENT of a sentence
OR
A phrase is “two or more than two parts of speech having no finite verbs” used as a single PART OF SPEECH of a sentence
Examples
Students enjoy many facilities. Subject -> Students A Word
Students studying in this school enjoy many facilities. What is the subject of this And it is a phrase because more than two words are used as a single part of speech, that is noun. sentence? subject -> Students studying in this school.
I like eating Subject Transitive verb Object
I like eating mangoes What is the object in this sentence? Here the object of the verb “like” is “eating mangoes” So it is a phrase.
I got your message verb Word Here the verb “got” is a single word
I got into the car Phrasal verb Here two words “got and into” are used as single part of speech/verb And it is called a phrasal verb or verbal phrase.
Is it clear now?
If you understood
Tell me if the underlined part of the next sentence is a word or a phrase.
Corona Virus is a global pandemic.
Next Step
What is a clause?
A clause is “two or more than two words having one or more finite verbs” used as a single part of speech of a sentence
Do you remember the definition of a phrase? If not, let’s see it again with that of a clause.
Phrase A phrase is “two or more than two parts of speech having no finite verbs” used as a single PART OF SPEECH of a sentence. Clause A clause is “two or more than two words having one or more finite verbs” used as a single part of speech of a sentence
Or
A clause is “a sentence used as a part of another sentence.
Example
I know him. Him -> Object A word
I know what he does -> Object A clause Used as a noun
Another Example
People who wash hands properly with soap can be free from Corona Virus. who wash hands properly with soap -> used as an adjective
Now What’s the difference between a phrase and a clause?
And
Tell me which one of the underlined parts is a phrase and which one is a clause.
People who wear masks when they go out are safer than those who don’t. who wear masks Is it a phrase or a clause? Give your answer in the comment section.
Kinds of Clauses
1. Principal Clause 2. Subordinate Clause 3. Co-ordinate Clause
What is a Principal Clause?
A Principal Clause üis also called an independent clause ü can express its own meaning completely even when it’s taken out of the main sentence üdoesn’t depend on other clauses
Example
People watch TV so that they can be entertained. People watch TV. so that they can be entertained.
Another Example
One day, when a thief entered his room, he caught him.
he caught him. Principal clause
If you understand, comment below which of the following clauses is a principal clause.
If you watch television, you will learn many things.
02. Subordinate Clause
Subordinate Clause üis also called a dependent clause üCan’t express full meaning if it’s taken out of the main sentence. üStarts with a “subordinate conjunction” üGenerally a comma is placed after it if it comes at the beginning of the sentence.
Example
If you come, I will meet you. “If you come” is a subordinate clause it starts with a subordinate conjunction “if”.
Do you know the subordinate conjunctions?
If Not, let’s see them
As/since/because – If Even if Though/although Before After
Till until Whether That So that
Lest Unless What/whatever Which/whichever Who/whoever Whom/whomever
Whose/whosever When/whenever Where/wherever Why How/however
Examples
As the sailor killed the bird, he bought bad luck to the crew. “As the sailor killed the bird” is a subordinate clause because it starts with a subordinate conjunction “As”.
Another Example
Wait here until I return. “until I return” is a subordinate clause because it starts with a subordinate conjunction “until”.
03. Co-ordinate Clause
A Co-ordinate Clause is basically a principal clause connect with another principal clause with “and/or/but/thus/so”. Then both the clauses are called co-ordinate clauses
Example
He worked hard and (he) succeeded in life. Here, He worked hard. (he) succeeded in life. Both the clauses are co-ordinate clauses because they are principal clauses connected with “and”
Another Example
You have to work hard or you can’t succeed in life. The two clauses are connect with “or”.
Thanks for watching
Bye and take care
See you in the next class
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