Abdomen Figure 1 9 Abdominal Wall Surface Anatomy

Abdomen Figure 1. 9

Abdominal Wall • Surface Anatomy • Muscular Wall and Hernias

Bony Landmarks around Abdomen • • Costal margin Xiphoid process Iliac crest Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) • Pubic crest • Inguinal ligament

Figure 7. 27 a

Four-quadrant pattern • • Right upper Left upper Right lower Left lower Figure 1. 12

Nine-region organizational pattern

Abdominal wall • Skin • Superficial fascia – Fat tissue – Cutaneous nerves – Superficial vessels • Deep fascia • Muscles

Muscles of abdominal wall • Rectus abdominusvertical midline • Three layers- lateral – External oblique (“handsin-pocket”) – Internal oblique (fibers perpendicular to external) – Transverse abdominus (wraps around)

Muscles of abdominal wall

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External oblique

Inguinal ligament and canal

Hernias

Internal oblique

Transversus abdominis

Rectus abdominis

Rectus sheath

Hernias