AATMANIRBHARAT Rapeseed Mustard and Sunflower Present Scenario of

AATMANIRBHARAT Rapeseed & Mustard and Sunflower

Present Scenario of Edible Oil Item/ Year 2019 -20 Population (million) 1380 Present consumption (million tonne) 25. 00 Domestic availability (primary & secondary) (million tonne) 10. 53 Imports (million tonne) 14. 46 Import value (Rs in crore) Oil (2019 -2020) (million tonnes) 68, 558 Production Import Mustard 2. 70 0. 05 Soybean 1. 96 3. 24 2. 12 - 0. 28 8. 59 Sunflower 0. 06 2. 50 Cotton Seed 1. 23 0. 03 Others 2. 18 0. 05 Total 10. 53 14. 46 Groundnut Palm 2019 -20 (Imports)

Targets For Mustard • To achieve success in production of R&M through use latest varieties (HYV/Hybrid), having productivity not less than 20 Qtl. /ha. • Area expansion from 61. 24 lakh ha to 75. 75 lakh ha during 2020 -21. Present Area (lakh ha. ) * Target area (2020 -21) (lakh ha. ) 61. 24 75. 75 Gap area (lakh ha. ) 14. 51 (24%) * DES, Final estimate (2018 -19) Present Production (lakh tn. ) * Targeted Production (lakh tn. ) (2020 -21) Production Gap 92. 55 122. 36 29. 79 (32%)

Some Facts The Rapeseed-Mustard (R&M) group is confined to Rabi season and is largely grown in Rajasthan, MP, UP, Haryana, Gujarat and West Bengal. Yield is 1511 kg/ha as per DES 2018 -19. Around 50 per cent of the area receives minimal irrigation during the crop growth stage, while the remaining 50 per cent depends upon residual moisture conditions, and hence there are variations in the productivity across regions. By adopting improved technology, the productivity of Rapeseed & Mustard can be raised to 1. 5 to 2. 4 t/ha in general.

Reasons for Low Productivity of Rapeseeds & Mustard: Largely rainfed cultivation (70% area); Low/non-adoption of recommended soil and moisture conservation Practices (like land configuration – contour cultivation – BBF); Late sowing, mid-season and end-season drought/stress. Cultivated in areas with poor soil fertility; such as in fallow lands Low SRR (seed replacement rate) – non availability of quality seed of improved genotype at proper time; Inadequate and imbalanced nutrition (low NPK, and Micro-nutrients); Low or improper plant population due to broadcast sowing;

Modalities to workout the Seed Plan The seed requirement of Rapeseed & Mustard - SRR 65% Seed rate of 0. 05 qtl. / ha. For 11 states comes to 2. 46 lakh quintals. Availability of Rapeseed & Mustard of ICAR/ state released varieties (average yield of 20 qtls. ) comes to 0. 67 lakh qtl. The actual requirement of Rapeseed & Mustard seed to cover 75. 75 lakh ha. is 2. 46 lakh qtl National Average Yield (NAY) has been targeted at 16. 15 qtl per ha in 11 potential states during Rabi 2020 -21 from current NAY of 15. 31 qtl. /ha (2018 -19). 6

State-wise targeted area, production and seed requirement of Rapeseed & Mustard during 2020 -21 Source: DES, Final estimate 2018 -19 Name of State Rajasthan (33) Uttar Pradesh (75) Madhya Pradesh (51) Haryana (21) West Bengal (22) Assam (27) Jharkhand (23) Gujarat (29) Bihar (38) Chhattisgarh (27) Punjab (22) Sub-Total & % of total Uttarakhand Himachal Pradesh Odisha Maharashtra Andhra Telangana Karnataka Tamil Nadu Others All- India Area (‘ 000 ha) Highest to Lowest 2371. 90 753. 00 707. 00 609. 20 605. 90 285. 74 236. 85 195. 36 80. 59 42. 01 30. 50 5918. 05 (97%) 17. 00 8. 53 6. 02 5. 78 4. 00 2. 97 0. 30 157. 28 6123. 93 Production (‘ 000 tn) 4052. 77 1116. 7 1040 1253. 73 734. 35 183. 73 164. 61 348. 52 103. 96 17. 6 46. 48 9062. 45 (98%) 15. 96 4. 69 1. 66 2. 12 1. 38 7. 76 0. 07 158. 96 9255. 66 Yield (Kg/ha) Potential states 1709 1483 1471 Major 2058 1212 643 695 1784 Minor 1290 419 1524 1531 939 550 275 367 345 1940 202 232 1011 1511 2020 -21 Area (‘ 000 ha) 3000 1000 850 896 650 286 348 250 100 150 45 7575 Estimated State Average yield (Qtl/ha) 1799 1561 1548 2166 1276 677 732 1878 1358 441 1604 16. 15 Projected production with 5% increase in (‘ 000 tn) Seed requirement with seed rate 0. 05 (‘ 000 qtl) 539. 70 156. 10 131. 58 194. 07 82. 94 19. 36 25. 47 46. 95 13. 58 6. 62 7. 22 1223. 59 97. 50 32. 50 27. 63 29. 12 21. 13 9. 30 11. 31 8. 13 3. 25 4. 88 1. 46 246. 21

Proposed areas for crop expansion Intercropping Systems – UP, Bihar, Rajasthan, MP with a total of 0. 95 million hectare (m ha) of potential area Non-traditional Area – Karnataka, Rajasthan (S), Ratlam (MP), Vidarbha (MS) with a total of 0. 30 m ha potential area. Areas of Rice fallows – UP, Bihar, WB, NEH, Jharkhand, Odisha, CG with a total of 1. 20 m ha potential area.

What is expected from the States District wise area and target already conveyed. States to ensure coverage of targeted area. State may ensure distribution of quality seeds of >20 qtl /ha. Ensure irrigation at critical stage- before flowering and pod formation stage. Ensuring timely inputs such as micro nutrients- Sulphur, Boron & Zinc. Bee keeping plans to be incorporated wherever possible. Pest control management- Aphids Monthly progress to be sent.

SUNFLOWER Major countries are Russia, Ukraine, Argentina, China, France, USA, Spain and India. In India, cultivated over an area of 4. 006 lakh ha with a production of 2. 840 lakh tonnes and productivity of 709 kg/ha (Average of 2014 -15 to 2018 -19). Contribution to Indian oilseed production is about 3. 85% The average area under sunflower ranged from 21 lakh ha (1990 -95) to 19. 4 lakh ha (2005 -2010) and declined to 2. 83 lakh ha during 2017 -18 and now stagnant around 2. 6 lakh ha.

5 yearly average National Area & Production of Sunflower 1990 -91 to 2018 -19 25 21 Area & Production 20 17, 8 19, 4 16, 1 15 11, 62 12, 28 10, 08 10 8, 64 7, 5 5 5, 28 3, 5 2, 48 0 1990 -95 1995 -00 2000 -05 Area (lakh ha) 2005 -10 2010 -15 Production (lakh tonnes) 2015 -19

Average Area, Production and Yield of Total Sunflower in major crop growing states Average of 2014 -15 to 2018 -19 Major states Total Sunflower Area Karnataka Rabi/Summer Sunflower Production Yield Area Production Yield 2. 432 (60. 7%) 1. 336 (47. 0%) 549 1. 201 (49. 5%) 0. 608 (31. 4%) 507 0. 240 (6. 0%) 0. 209 (7. 4%) 870 0. 174 (7. 2%) 0. 167 (8. 6%) 961 0. 532 (13. 3%) 0. 211 (7. 4%) 396 0. 315 (13. 0%) 0. 151 (7. 8%) 480 Odisha 0. 169 (4. 2%) 0. 205 (7. 2%) 1211 0. 166 (6. 8%) 0. 203 (10. 5%) 1220 Bihar 0. 100 (2. 5%) 0. 143 (5. 0%) 1427 0. 083 (3. 4%) 0. 12 (6. 2%) 1449 West Bengal 0. 109 (2. 7%) 0. 145 (5. 1%) 1334 0. 109 (4. 5%) 0. 145 (7. 5%) 1334 4. 008 2. 842 709 2. 428 1. 939 798 Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra Total Sunflower Area: lakh ha, Production: lakh tonnes, Yield: kg/ha)

Merits & Strength of Sunflower Wider adaptability to wide ranging agro–climatic situations. The crop being photo-insensitive and day neutral can be grown throughout the year i. e. , kharif, rabi, spring / summer in the alluvial, medium black and deep black soils. Being a short duration crop, it can fit into various inter and sequence cropping systems. Seed contains the oil varying from 35 -43%. The unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic and linoleic, comprise about 90% of the total. Remunerative market price due to high quality oil. Low seed rate (6 -7 kg/ha) and high seed multiplication ratio. Sunflower hulls are used in animal feeds as a source of roughage The kernel contains 48 -53 % of oil and 14 -19 % of protein.

Constraints in Sunflower production Unavailability of good quality seeds on time. Cultivation of crop in marginal and sub-marginal lands. Unavailability of timely inputs like irrigation, fertilizers, insecticides, pesticide, electricity, credit. Sunflower is an exhaustive crop and inadequate and imbalanced crop nutrition affects production. Absence of thinning practice by farmers. Incidence of pest and diseases viz. Sunflower necrosis diseases, Downey mildew, Alternaria blight, Leaf spot, etc. Lack of remunerative price is the main reason for decline in the area of sunflower during recent years. With current level of productivity, farmers are unable to get more profit by cultivating Sunflower. Damage by Parakeets, doves, crows, rats, etc. As the sunflower area decreased drastically, the bird damage is more per unit area cultivated by the farmer. Rains during flowering stage affects grain filling and production of sunflower. Less involvement of private companies in the seed production due to less sunflower area has further reduced the sunflower cultivation.

Strategies for increasing area and production Area expansion Crop diversification Expansion through Intercropping/ Increased cropping intensity Expansion nontraditional area Cultivation in Paddy fallows Potential districts for crop expansion Effective management of Pest and diseases • Sunflower as a cash crop in contingency planning • Promotion in Saline soils • Sunflower under delayed onset of monsoon • 0. 50 m. ha area can be brought under intercopping in Karnataka, Maharashtra states. • Intercropping with groundnut, pigeonpea and soybean. • Potential of 0. 30 m. ha exists for expansion in non-traditional areas. • Cultivation of sunflower in Indo-gangetic plains of Punjab, Haryana and UP in spring and Bihar, Odisha, West Bengal in Rabi/Summer. • Potential exists to cultivate short duration sunflower in paddy fallow in the states of AP, Karnataka, Eastern states, NEH Region. • Vijayapura & Bagalkote in Karnataka, Kadapa & Kurnool in AP, Marathawada region in Maharashtra, Bankura & Midnapur in West Bengal and Kosi in Bihar. • IPM for Sunflower necrosis disease.

SUNFLOWER • It is an important oilseed crop grown in kharif and rabi seasons across the country. • Sunflower is an important edible oil being imported in large quantity. Its import quantity was 2. 50 million tonnes out of total of 14. 16 million tonnes. Present Area Target (lakh ha. ) area (2020 * -21) (lakh ha. ) 0. 24 0. 35 Gap area (lakh ha. ) Present Production (lakh tn. ) * 0. 11 (46%) 2. 17 * DES, 4 th estimate (2019 -20) Targeted Production (lakh tn. ) (2020 -21) 3. 10 Production Gap 0. 93 (43%)

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