A Typical Graph h This is an example

A Typical Graph h. This is an example of a typical graph we are all familiar with. h. The graph is made up of different “points” with lines that connect the points.

A Typical Graph Y axis h. Each point has two values indicating place: h. The “X” value that runs along the horizontal “X” axis X axis h. The “Y” value that runs along the vertical “Y” axis

A Typical Graph Y (3, 8) (9, 5) h. X value is always stated first, followed by the Y value h. The “origin” is the point where the two axes intersect with a value of (0, 0) X (0, 0)

Typical Graph h. A point can also have a negative (-) value Y (-X, +Y) (+X, +Y) (0, 0) X (-X, -Y) (+X, -Y) h. Negative X values are to the left of the origin (0, 0) h. Negative Y values are below the origin

East West, North South on the Earth • The X axis is the equator. Y X h. The Y axis is the prime meridian that runs through Greenwich, England. h. Lat/Long are the two grid points by which one can locate any point on Earth.

East West, North South on the Earth N W S h. Let each of the four quarters (quadrants) then E be designated by North or South and East or West.

East West, North South on the Earth (N, W) (S, W) (N, E) (S, E) h. The N tells us we’re north of the equator. The S tells us we’re south of the equator. h. The E tells us that we’re east of the prime meridian. The W tells us that we’re west of the prime meridian.

East West, North South on the Earth (N, W) Prime Meridian h. All points in North America will have a North latitude and a West longitude because it is North of the equator and West of the prime meridian.

East West, North South on the Earth h. What would be the latitude and longitude directions in Australia? Prime Meridian ? If you said South and East , you’re right!

h. Latitude is the What is Latitude? distance from the equator along the Y axis. 90°N Y X h. All points along the equator have a value of 0 degrees. h. North pole = 90°N h. South pole = 90°S h. All values are in stated in degrees.

What is Latitude? 90°N h. Each degree of latitude is divided into 60 minutes. Y X h. Each minute is divided into 60 seconds. 90°S This is also true of longitude.

What is Latitude? 90°N h. For example, Y h 40° 02’ 51’’N X 90°S h. This is close to the latitude where you live.

And Longitude? Y X 180°W 180°E h. Longitude is the distance from the prime meridian along the X axis. h. All points along the prime meridian have a value of 0 degrees longitude. h. Earth is divided into two parts, or hemispheres, of east and west longitude.

Meridians and Parallels? h. Earth is divided into 360 equal N-S slices (meridians) Y X - 180 west and 180 east of the prime meridian h. Earth is divided into 180 equal E-W slices (parallels) 180°W 180°E - 90 north and 90 south of the equator

Meridians and Parallels? h. Meridians of longitude run N and S, but are used to measure E and W. h. Parallels of latitude run E and W, but are used to measure N and S

What is our location? 90°N h. Central Peoria’s latitude and longitude are approximately: Y X h 40°, 44’, 24’’N h 89°, 36’’W 90°S

So Where is (0, 0)? h. The origin point (0, 0) is where the equator intersects the prime meridian. h. Point (0, 0) is off the western coast of Africa in the Atlantic Ocean.

In which quadrants are the following latitudes and longitudes? A B C D h 1. 41°N, 21°E h 2. 37°N, 76°W h 3. 72°S, 141°W h 4. 7°S, 23°W h 5. 15°N, 29°E h 6. 34°S, 151°E

Let’s see how well you did. . . h 1. B h 2. A h 3. C h 4. C h 5. B h 6. D

Positioning on the Earth’s Surface East is the direction of rotation of the Earth North Pole Prime Meridian Latitude: (90 o. N to 90 o. S) Longitude: (180 o. E to 180 o. W) 0 o Longitude Tropic of Cancer 21 st June 22 nd Sept 20 th March Equator Latitude 23½o North o. E 90 60 o 90 30 30 60 90 Wo o 66½ 23½ o 900 22 nd December Tropic of Capricorn Latitude 0 o Latitude 23½o South Longitude 90 o West Longitude 90 o. East Longitude 60 o West Longitude 30 o West 23½o Longitude 60 o East South Pole Longitude 30 o East Latitude and Longitude together enable the fixing of position on the Earth’s surface.

Now you are ready to find some locations on a map!