A Tour of the Cell Unit 2 Chapter

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A Tour of the Cell Unit 2 Chapter 6

A Tour of the Cell Unit 2 Chapter 6

Introduction Videos Inner Life of The Cell High School Biology Inner Life of the

Introduction Videos Inner Life of The Cell High School Biology Inner Life of the Cell (Full Version Narrated)

All cells Have: A plasma membrane (cell membrane) Cytosol (cytoplasm) Chromosomes Ribosomes

All cells Have: A plasma membrane (cell membrane) Cytosol (cytoplasm) Chromosomes Ribosomes

Prokaryote No nucleus DNA in nucleoid No organelles Small size Primitive Bacteria & Archaea

Prokaryote No nucleus DNA in nucleoid No organelles Small size Primitive Bacteria & Archaea Eukaryote Has nucleus Membrane-bound organelles larger in size More complex Plant, animal, fungi, protist

Nucleus Contains DNA nuclear envelope: double membrane that surrounds nucleus › Continuous with the

Nucleus Contains DNA nuclear envelope: double membrane that surrounds nucleus › Continuous with the rough ER › Studded with pores Nuclear pores: holes in nuclear envelope Chromatin: complex of DNA + proteins; makes up chromosomes Nucleolus: region where ribosomal subunits are formed

Nucleus Contains DNA Function: control center of cell Surrounded by double membrane (nuclear envelope)

Nucleus Contains DNA Function: control center of cell Surrounded by double membrane (nuclear envelope) › Continuous with the rough ER Nuclear pores: control what enters/leaves nucleus Chromatin: complex of DNA + proteins; makes up chromosomes Nucleolus: region where ribosomal subunits are formed

Ribosome Protein synthesis Made of r. RNA and protein Constructed in nucleolus Location ›

Ribosome Protein synthesis Made of r. RNA and protein Constructed in nucleolus Location › Free (cytosol) › Bound (rough ER)

Endomembrane System Includes: › › › › Nuclear envelope Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosome

Endomembrane System Includes: › › › › Nuclear envelope Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosome Vesicles Vacuoles Plasma membrane

Endoplasmic Reticulum Two parts: › Rough ER: Contains ribosomes Continuous with outer nuclear membrane

Endoplasmic Reticulum Two parts: › Rough ER: Contains ribosomes Continuous with outer nuclear membrane Protein synthesis › Smooth ER: Synthesis of lipids (phospholipids, steroids) Carbohydrate metabolism (in liver glycogen to glucose) Detoxifies drugs and poisons (liver enzymes) Storage of Ca ions (muscle contractions)

Golgi Apparatus Parts › Cis Face: products come in › Trans Face: products leave

Golgi Apparatus Parts › Cis Face: products come in › Trans Face: products leave Functions: › Manufactures certain macromolecules › Targets products for various parts of the cell › Sorts products for secretion

Lysosomes Sac of hydrolytic enzymes Functions: › Intracellular digestion (phagocytosis) › Recycle cell’s own

Lysosomes Sac of hydrolytic enzymes Functions: › Intracellular digestion (phagocytosis) › Recycle cell’s own organic material (autophagy) › Programmed cell destruction (apoptosis) Diseases: › Pompe’s disease: missing carbohydrase that breaks down glycogen. damages liver › Tay-sachs disease: missing lipase causes lipid accumulation in brain

Vacuoles Three Types: › Food vacuole phagocytosis, fuse with lysosomes › Contractile vacuole in

Vacuoles Three Types: › Food vacuole phagocytosis, fuse with lysosomes › Contractile vacuole in freshwater protists, pump excess H 2 O out of cell › Central vacuole Cell sap: main repository of inorganic ions (K, Cl) Cell growth as vacuole absorbs water

Peroxisomes digestive enzyme sacs in both animals & plants breakdown fatty acids to sugars

Peroxisomes digestive enzyme sacs in both animals & plants breakdown fatty acids to sugars detoxifies alcohol & other poisons produce peroxide (H 2 O 2) oxidases › H 2 + O 2 H 2 O 2 Breakdown of peroxide by catalase 2 H 2 O 2 2 H 2 O +O 2