A T KearneyForeign Policy Magazine Globalization Index Globalization
文獻探討 • A. T. Kearney/Foreign Policy Magazine Globalization Index (Globalization, Jan. – Feb. , 2002 • Crystal (1997) • Warschauer (2000) • Richards (2002) • Hadley (2007) • Sifakis(2001) • Benesch (2001)及Pennycook (1994) • Matsuda (2003) • Fairclough (1990)與Morgan (1995)
Japan Naoki Fujimoto-Adamson (2006) Asian EFL Journal Globalization and History of English Education in Japan • The history of English language education in Japan may be viewed as …a "struggle against imperialism” • English has been viewed as …a necessary vehicle to catch up with the West - its technology and commercial expansion. • There have been times in which English has been seen as representative of a threatening form of globalization, as in the militaristic thinking of the 1930 s, and of beneficial globalization, as in the Meiji Era, Showa Era and the current Heisei Era. • In brief, English is, and has been, seen as the face of the outside world.
Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (2003) Action Plan to Cultivate “Japanese with English Abilities” • • • Cultivating “Japanese with English Abilities” is an extremely important issue for the future of our children and for the further development of our country. However, this issue will only be resolved when the relevant parties related to English education (such as relevant personnel in national, public, and private elementary, junior high, senior high schools, and universities as well as relevant personnel in local municipal bodies) seek to realize this goal by making improvements to the system from their respective positions. By 2005, a total of 100 schools will be designated as Super English Language High Schools. Innovative English education will be promoted at senior high schools and unified secondary schools. At elementary schools where English conversation activities take place in the Period for Integrated Study, approximately 1/3 of these sessions will be guided by personnel such as foreign teachers, those who are proficient in English and junior high school English teachers.
• The acquisition of English is greatly related to students’ abilities in their mother tongue, Japanese. It is necessary to foster in students the ability to express appropriately and understand accurately the Japanese language and to enhance communication abilities in Japanese in order to cultivate communication abilities in English. • In order to foster Japanese people rich in humanity with an awareness of society, who will live as members of an international society, it is important to enhance students’ thinking ability, foster students’ strength of expression and sense of language, deepen their interest in the Japanese language, and nurture an attitude of respect for the Japanese language.
Singapore Cheah Yin Mee (2002) Asia Pacific Journal of Education English Language Teaching in Singapore • The ELT situation in Singapore must be understood in the context of the overall language education policy. • Four official languages are used, and three of them (Mandarin Chinese, Tamil and Malay) represent the ethnic diversity here, while the fourth, English, is the working language, the language of trade, science and technology and the medium of instruction in all schools. • English is therefore the first language (LI) by virtue of the fact that it is the first school language, while the ethnic languages are the second languages (L 2). • A policy of equality for all languages has been in place since 1956 but in schools, a bilingual policy emphasising the study of English and the mother tongues has led to an English-knowing bilingualism.
Suchen Christine Lim (2002) Asia Pacific Journal of Education Developments in the English Language Syllabuses in Singapore • This paper traces developments in English Language syllabuses in Singapore from 1959 to 2001. • The main features of the English Language Syllabus 2001 and are the teaching of grammar at the word, sentence and text levels.
China Meiying Song (2009) English Education under the Context of Globalization, Asian Social Science Journal • The marching of national culture to the world is a main reflection of cultural globalization. • As an important member of the world family, China is playing a more and more important role in world politics, economy, culture and diplomatism. It has become an important task for China’s English education to help the world understand China and communicate to the world China’s excellent culture and civilization. • However, the existing English teaching materials in China, no matter it is for pupils or college students, are teemed with European and America senses, including western material cultures, values, customs and systems and hardly have contents about Chinese culture.
• In order to be accustomed to the process of globalization and the increasingly important position of China in international stage, foreign language education must follow the principle of multi-cultures. • Students need to fully understand the cultures and civilizations of various nations and national countries that are active on the world stage and at the same time need to inherit China’s excellent traditional culture and to show it in foreign language education.
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