A survey of nonLTE atmospheric emissions as measured

A survey of non-LTE atmospheric emissions as measured by MIPAS/Envisat M. López-Puertas (puertas@iaa. es) for the IMK-IAA MIPAS Group: B. Funke, M. García-Comas, S. Gil-López, M. López-Puertas, M. Á. López-Valverde (IAA, Granada) T. von Clarmann, H. Fischer, N. Glatthor, U. Grabowski, M. Höpfner, S. Kellmann, M. Kiefer, A. Linden, G. Mengistu Tsidu, M. Milz, T. Steck, G. P. Stiller, D. Y. Wang (IMK, Karlsruhe) EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 1

Contents • Introduction • Some "first-detected" NLTE emissions obverved by MIPAS u Retrievals of NLTE parameters (CO 2 4. 3 µm, NO 2 chem. exc. ) • Retrievals of pressure/temperature and vmrs under NLTE u Pressure-Temperature u Ozone, NO 2, CO • Conclusions EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 2

Introduction • Unprecedented data measured by MIPAS for non-LTE studies: Spectra of high resolution (0. 035 cm-1) and wide coverage (15 -4. 3 µm) High sensitivity (30 -3 n. W/(cm 2 sr cm-1)) Global spatial (pole-to pole) and temporal (day and night) coverages. • Two approaches: Analysis of spectra for gaining new non-LTE information Retrievals of geophysical parameters which required non-LTE (known) Data used: Nominal MIPAS mode: 6 -42 @ 3 km, 47, 52, 60, 68 km Upper Atmosphere mode (5 orbits, 1 Jul 2002): 18 - 100 km. EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 3

MIPAS spectra, Band A, Th 68 km ------- Night ---- Day Non-LTE CO 2 10µm laser emissions Warmer nighttime temperatures EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 4

MIPAS upper atmosphere data Orbits 1748 -52. 1 July 2002 EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 5

NLTE Daytime enhancement in CO 2 15µm 685 -800 cm-1 EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 % Page 6

MIPAS spectra, Band AB, Th 68 km ------- Night ---- Day O 3 100 -000 Non-LTE CO 2 10µm laser band O 3 9. 6 µm (001 -000) EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 7

MIPAS spectra, Band B, Th=66 km ------- Night ---- Day EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 8

NLTE in CH 4, TH=66 km ---- Day SH ---- Day NH ------- Night EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 9

NLTE Daytime enhancement in CH 4 1215 -1350 cm-1 EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 % Page 10

MIPAS spectra, Band C, Th=30 km ------- Night ---- Day Signal larger at night because NO 2 is larger EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 11

Retrieval of NO 2 chem exct. rate Orbit 2108 (24 July) EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 12

MIPAS spectra, Band C, Th 68 km ------- Night ---- Day H 2 O 020 -010 HOT band lines EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 13

MIPAS spectra, Band C, Th 68 km, H 2 O FH ------- Night ---- Day H 2 O 010 -000 fundamental band lines H 2 O 020 -010 HOT band lines EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 14

NLTE Daytime enhancement in H 2 O 1300 -1630 cm-1 EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 % (D+N) Page 15

MIPAS spectra, Band D, Th 68 km ------- Night ---- Day CO 2 NO CO EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 16

MIPAS spectra, Band D, Th 68 km, NO - Rotational and spin nitric oxide lines resolved. - Larger at daytime, as expected - Most of radiation coming from thermosphere ------- Night ---- Day EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 17

Band D, Th=101 km, NO 5. 3µm hot band NO(2 -1) EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 ------- Night ---- Day NO(2 -1) Page 18

O 3(102 001) HB at 56 km ---- Night ---- Day SH ------- DAY NH EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 19

Band D, Th 68 km, CO ------- Night ---- Day EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 20

CO(2 1) hot band at 71 km ------- Night ---- Day EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 21

OH(9 8) emission ---- Night, 76 km ---- Night, 81 km ------- Night, 86 km EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 22

Band D, Th=68 km, CO 2 4. 3 µm CO 2 hot (mainly) and fundamental (small) bands CO 2 fundamental band CO 2, 636 - isotope lines EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 23

CO 2 collisional rates in the 2. 7µm levels SH 1 SH 3 SH 2 FB 628 FH EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 FB 626 SH 2 FB 636 Page 24

The Non-LTE retrieval scheme (1) • Jointly developed IMK-IAA non-LTE processor for retrievals of p-T, vmr's, and NLTE parameters. EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 25

The Non-LTE retrieval scheme (2) • Optimization algorithm • • Iterative constrained nonlinear least squares global fit Regularisation: Tikhonov smoothing (Temperature, vmr's) Optimal estimation (LOS and CO 2) • Forward model: KOPRA • • • Line-by-line radiative transfer model Interface for NLTE-model Computes spectra and Jacobians for LTE and non-LTE EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 26

The Non-LTE retrieval scheme (3) • The non-LTE model: the Generic RAdiative tra. Nsfer An. D non-LTE population Algorithm (GRANADA) • Calculation of vibrational populations, and their derivitavies w. r. t the NLTE retrieval parameters • Generic: same algorithm used for calculating non-LTE populations of different gases (CO 2, O 3, CO, NO 2, H 2 O, OH, etc. ) • Very flexible. User defines the energy levels and transitions, iteration strategies, process definition, etc. • Rotational (and spin-orbit) non-LTE • Line-by-line and line independent radiative transfer (KOPRA) • Inversion of multilevel steady state equation by using Lambda iteration or Curtis matrix formalism • Interface module to forward model EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 27

Pressure-temperature in the upper atmosphere 1 July 2002, Orbit 1750 NP Eq SP Eq EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 NP Page 28

CO 2 vmr in the upper atmosphere 1 July 2002 Orbit 1750 NP Eq EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 29

O 3 vmr in the stratosphere and mesosphere (2) NIGHTTIME 1 July 2002, Orbits 1748 -51 EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 DAYTIME Page 30

O 3 vmr in the stratosphere and mesosphere (1) 1 July 2002, Orbit 1750 NIGHT 86ºS DAY 78ºN O 3 tertiary max. EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 31

CO vmr in the stratosphere and mesosphere 1 July 2002, Orbit 1748 Eq SP Eq NP EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Eq Page 32

Nitric Oxide (NO) 1 July 2002, Orbit 1748 Eq SP Eq NP EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Eq Page 33

NO 2 1 July 2002, Orbit 1748 Eq SP Eq NP EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Eq Page 34

Conclusions • MIPAS measurements are an unprecendent dataset for improving our knowledge of non-LTE processes in the atmopshere • By including non-LTE, we have been able to retrieve many geophysical parameters (p-T, O 3, CO 2, CO, NO 2, H 2 O, CH 4) from the stratosphere up to the lower thermosphere EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 35

End of Presentation EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly, Session AS 27, Nice 6 -11 April 2003 Page 36