A SUBMILLIMETRE SATELLITE FOR ASTRONOMY AERONOMY ODIN The

A SUB-MILLIMETRE SATELLITE FOR ASTRONOMY & AERONOMY ODIN The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 1

THE ODIN ASTRONOMY TEAM Bergman, Per Black, John Crovisier, Jaques Falgarone, Edith Frisk, Urban Gregersen, Erik Heikkilä, Arto Johansson, Lars-EB Larsson, Bengt Liseau, René Mitchell, George Olberg, Michael Rickman, Hans Sandqvist, Aage Volk, Kevin Winnberg, Anders Bergvall, Nils Bernath, Peter Booth, Roy Buat, Véronique Curry, Charles Encrenaz, Pierre Fich, Michel Feldman, Paul Gahm, Gösta Gerin, Maryvonne Harju, Jorma Hasegawa, Tatsuhiko Hjalmarson, Åke Horellou, Cathy Kwok, Sun Lagerqvist, Claes-Ingvar Lecacheux, Alain Liljeström, Tarja Lorne, Avery Mattila, Kalevi Nordh, Lennart Nyman, Lars-Åke Olofsson, Göran Olofsson, Hans Ristorcelli, Isabelle Rydbeck, Gustaf Serra, Guy († 15 August 2000) Tothill, Nick Wiklind, Tommy Wilson, Christine http: //www. ssc. se/ssd/ssat/odin. html The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 2

THE ODIN SPACECRAFT l. Platform: 3 -axis stabilised w. reaction wheels, star trackers & gyros l Mass: l Height: l Power: l Cooling: 250 kg ( Bus: 170 kg, Payload: 80 kg) 2. 0 m, Width: 1. 1 m stored/ 3. 8 m operational 340 W (deployable, fixed arrays) 120 K (closed cycle Stirling) n. Datalink: > 720 kbit/s (Esrange, Sweden) n Storage: > 100 Mbyte (solid state memory) m Telescope: 1. 1 m offset Gregorian Material: m Surface: m Pointing: m ¨ CFRP skins on honeycomb 8 mm primary, 5 mm secondary (rms) 15 arcsec (staring), (1. 2 arcmin scanning, aeronomy) Launch: 2001 on Start-1 (Svobodny, Russia) Orbit: circular synchronous (620 km, ascending node @ 18: 00) ¨ Lifetime: 2 yr (minimum) ¨ The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 3

ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS Front-Ends Schottky diodes (120 K, Stirling cooled) l 480 - 580 GHz: 4 tunable receivers (17 GHz) l ¡ l System Noise Temperature: 2300 K (SSB) 119 GHz: ¡ 1 fixed receiver (In. P HEMT) System Noise Temperature: 500 K (SSB) Back-Ends 2 digital hybrid autocorrelators (HAC) l 1 acousto-optical spectrometer (AOS) l l (3 filters - 40 MHz: aeronomy) The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 4

ODIN SENSITIVITY tint = 15 min for S/N = 5 (incl. chopping) submm 1 K, 1 MHz mm 0. 5 K, 150 k. Hz The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 5

ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS C: 118. 24 - 119. 25 GHz A 2: 486. 1 - 503. 9 GHz A 1: 541. 0 - 558. 0 GHz B 1: 568. 0 - 580. 4 GHz B 2: 547. 0 - 564. 0 GHz Spectrometer: Bandwidth - Resolution AOS : 1000 MHz - 1 MHz Correlators : 4 x 200 MHz - 1 MHz 4 x 100 MHz - 500 k. Hz 2 x 100 MHz - 250 k. Hz 1 x 100 MHz - 125 k. Hz (0. 07 km s-1 @ 557 GHz) The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 6

ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS C: 118. 24 - 119. 25 GHz O 2 119 A 2: 486. 1 - 503. 9 GHz O 2 487 CS 490 HDO 490 HD 18 O 493, 502 [C I] ( 3 P 1 - 3 P 0 ) 492 [13 C I] ( 3 P 1 - 3 P 0 ) 492 (F = 1/2 -1/2, 3/2 -1/2) A 1: 541. 0 - 558. 0 GHz B 1: 568. 0 - 580. 4 GHz NH 3 572 H 2 O 557 B 2: 547. 0 - 564. 0 GHz H 218 O 548 C 18 O (5 -4) 549 CO (5 -4) 576 13 CO (5 -4) 551 H 217 O 552 The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 7

ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS C: 118. 24 - 119. 25 GHz O 2 119 A 2: 486. 1 - 503. 9 GHz SWAS O 2 487 3 P 3 P [C I] ( 1 - 0 ) 492 [13 C I] ( 3 P 1 - 3 P 0 ) 492 (F = 1/2 -1/2, 3/2 -1/2) A 1: 541. 0 - 558. 0 GHz B 1: 568. 0 - 580. 4 GHz NH 3 572 H 2 O 557 B 2: 547. 0 - 564. 0 GHz H 218 O 548 C 18 O (5 -4) 549 CO (5 -4) 576 13 CO (5 -4) 551 H 217 O 552 The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 8

ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS FIRST - HIFI BAND 1 480 GHz__________________640 GHz A 2: 486. 1 - 503. 9 GHz O 2 487 A 1: 541. 0 - 558. 0 GHz B 1: 568. 0 - 580. 4 GHz NH 3 572 H 2 O 557 B 2: 547. 0 - 564. 0 GHz The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 9

LOW-LYING LEVELS OF O 2 & NH 3 The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 10

O 2 LINE STRENGTHS if 119 & 487 GHz optically thin, thermalised & EXTENDED: F 1 I 1 W 1 n 1 W 1 A 1 n 2 A 1 g 1 DE 12/k. T F 2 = I 2 W 2 = n 2 W 2 A 2 n 2 = n 1 A 2 g 2 e F 118. 8 20. 7 K/T F 487. 3 @ 1. 3 e then 119 GHz 10 times stronger @ 10 K The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 11

NH 3 ENERGY LEVELS Transition (J, K) - (J, K) E/k (K) n l (GHz) (mm) (1, 0) - (0, 0) 29 572 (1, 1) (2, 2) 24 65 24 1. 3 104 1. 7 10 -7 24 1. 3 104 2. 3 10 -7 (2, 0) - (1, 0) 87 (2, 1)s - (1, 1)a 82 (2, 1)a - (1, 1)s 80 1215 1168 524 247 257 A (s-1) 1. 6 10 -3 1. 2 10 -2 1. 4 10 -2 1. 2 10 -2 The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 12

NH 3 (J=1 -0, K=0) 572 GHz LINE 2 -level approximation: 3 hc T = 2 DV X(o-NH ) N(H ) n(H ) g 8 pkn R 3 2 2 lu ncrit be/n(H 2) X ncrit be/n(H 2) + glu/gul + 1 easily detectable: TR = 0. 5 K for X n(H 2) = 104 cm-3 , AV = 10 m T = 20 K , X(NH 3) = 10 -7 DV = 1 km s-1 The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 13

+ HIGH-LYING LEVELS OF H 2 O & HDO The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 14

TELESCOPE BEAMS ODIN 540 GHz 2. ’ 2 FIRST 557 GHz 39’’ ISO 1670 GHz 80’’ SWAS 553 GHz 3. ’ 3 x 4. ’ 5 FIRST 1670 GHz 13’’ The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 15

ODIN SCIENCE Topic l • • Prio 1 ISM & Star Formation Galaxies & Cosmology Solar System Spectral Scans Post-MS Evolution 65. 5% 16. 5% 6. 0% 5. 5% The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 16

ODIN SCIENCE ISM / STAR FORMATION: SURVEYS of Giant Molecular Clouds Dark Clouds Flows, Shocks Exotic Chemistry Galactic Centre & & & Hot Cores Cold Cores Cloud Edges/PDRs High Latitude Clouds Galactic Plane The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 17

ODIN SCIENCE LARGE SCALE STAR FORMATION. . . … and on the SMALL SCALE The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 18

PROTOSTAR INFALL MODELS: B 335 H 2 O (110 -101) 557 GHz (ortho-to-para = 3) ODIN limit log X(H 2 O) = -8 SWAS 3 s limit log X(H 2 O) = -7 (Ap. J Lett 539) Expected log X(H 2 O) = -6 Hartstein & Liseau (1998) AA 332, 703 The Promise of FIRST Expected log X(H 2 O) = -5 Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 19

PROTOSTAR INFALL MODELS: B 335 FIRST & H 2 O (ortho-to-para = 3) ortho 557 538. 3 1113 269. 3 para The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, 1670 GHz 179. 5 mm 988 GHz 303. 5 mm page: 20

LAUNCH: 15 FEBRUARY 2001 THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 21

O 2 LINE STRENGTHS if 119 & 487 GHz optically thin, thermalised & POINTLIKE: F 1 I 1 W 1 fbeam 1 A 1 g 1 DE 12/k. T 3 F 2 = I 2 W 2 fbeam 2 @ [fbeam -> 0 ] @ (n 1 / n 2) A 2 g 2 e F 118. 8 20. 7 K/T F 487. 3 @ 0. 005 e then 119 GHz 30 times weaker @ 10 K The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 22

ODIN OBSERVING PLAN Topic Star Formation GMCs Shocks/Outflows Orion Dark Clouds Cloud Edges/PDRs High Latitude Clouds Galactic Plane Galactic Centre Magellanic Clouds Galaxies Primordial Molecules Evolved Stars Spectral Scans Solar System Exotic Chemistry Absorption Studies Calibration Sources tot No of Obs No of Priority 1 (obs / sources) 48 / 24 42 / 16 15 / 5 24 / 1 18 / 10 13 / 4 12 / 4 27 / 9 16 / 9 12 / 5 5/ 5 735 396 232 152 90 88 40 817 105 91 40 serendipity mode 64 4 target of opportunity mode 34 na The Promise of FIRST 12 / 7 0/ 3 11 / 9 31 / 27 na / 11 Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 23

THE ODIN RADIOMETER The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 24

ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS C: 118. 24 - 119. 25 GHz O 3 (111 - 000 ) 118. 36 C 3 HD (221 - 110 ) 118. 64 HO 2 (212 - 111 , 23/2 - 11/2) 119. 15 NH 2 CN (616 - 515 , 0 - 0) 119. 17 CH 3 CHO C 2 H 5 OH C 3 N HCCCN … etc The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 25