A Seminar on AUTOMOBILE SAFETY INTRODUCTION Automobile Industry

A Seminar on AUTOMOBILE SAFETY

INTRODUCTION Automobile Industry is undergoing a BIG TRANSFORMATION never seen before. Today CAR’s are not only used for personal Transport but they are ENCOMPASSED with Entertainment that vies with the fedility of your HOME THEATRE Seating arrangement more comfortable than your RECLINER SAFETY FEATURES making your car safer than a TANK

• Globally car companies Spend nearly $36 billon annually for influencing new TECHNOLOGIES into their cars. • Some of the big advancement in Automotive Industry in last 10 years have come in a area of SAFETY.

In addition to Telematics based Services like • Digital Satellite Radio • In car E-mail • GPS systems Recent Advancement in Braking Technology have led to • Shorter stopping distance • Increased Control in PANIC situation • More control on CURVED turns

Air Bags • What’s the main function of the System? • Material of Airbags? • History

Actual Working Airbag Before Collision Airbag After Collision

Inflation unit • How does it INFLATES?

Effectiveness This system has proven its effectiveness • In frontal crashes reduction in d rivers death reduced by nearly 14% • Passenger side airbags reducing death by nearly 11% • NHTSA estimated reduction in risk by nearly 85% with the combination of seat belt and airbags compared than only seatbelt i. e 60% Car Model Head Injury Risk Airbag No Airbag Holden Commodore 28 48 Toyota Camry 20 44 Mitsubishi Magna 6 27 Ford Falcon 14 N. A. This are some crash results which give the effectiveness of the system

Different types of Airbags DRIVERS SIDE AIRBAG

PASSENGER AIR BAG Curtain Airbags

Anti-lock Braking System • Introduction? • Advancement in the system? • Working?

Advancement in the system?

How Does the system Works?

Working Conventional Braking ØWhole process is controlled by driver applied break paddle pressure; ABS Braking ØElectric Sensors monitor the wheel speed ØABS microprocessor Compares the wheel speed ØControl valve is energized.

Effectiveness ABS on a test track

Advantages: q. Achives the Shortest Stopping distance q. Better chance on Steering around obstacle q. Reduced risk of skidding Disadvantages: q. Precautions should be taken while driving q. Proved less effective on gravel road or road compacted by snow

Traction Control Next Generation ABS Uses ABS as a Building block. Can be is a combination of ABS & Engine control

Mainly the system has to control some or all conditions §Retard or Suppress the spark to one or more cylinders §Retard fuel supply to one or main cylinder §Break one or more wheel §Close throttle, if the vehicle is fitted by wire throttle

Electronic Stability Control

Main components of the system A) active wheel speed sensors; B) steering angle sensor; C) Yaw rate sensor D) attached electronic control unit (ECU) E) motor; F) pressure sensor, G) hydraulic unit.

Steering Angle Sensor Understeering (“plowing out”) Oversteering (“spinning out”)

Some important ECS definitions • ESC augments vehicle directional stability by applying and adjusting the vehicle brakes individually to induce correcting yaw torques to the vehicle. • ESC is a computer-controlled system, which uses a close-loop algorithm to limit under steer and over steer of the vehicle when appropriate

Case Study A S-Class Mercedes sedan testing Bosch's ESP system