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a : s l e u F e v i t a n r e t l A e s r u o c h s cra ls Club e u F e r u t u F ly o Cal P Created by David J Reese (April 2013)

s k r o w r a c a First: How • • Fuel is stored on board, and pumped to engine Injected into cylinder, compressed, exploded, pushes piston which turns drive shaft, transferring energy to wheels Exhaust from cylinder forced out, goes through catalytic converter and out to air Diesels rely on high compression-leads to wide fuel adaptability

r a C e h t n o e c n e d n e p e Our D • 86% world energy consumption=fossil fuels o • • 28% US energy consumption is for transportation, 96. 5% of which is from petro Transportation, shipping Staple of American (and others') culture

d e e n s i l e u f w e n a y Wh • • • Renewability The electric car just isn't ready for the world yet 202 g CO 2/mile from gas

w e i v r e v O : s l e u F e v i t a Altern • This presentation (the big ones): Methanol, Ethanol o Diesel Alternatives o Hydrogen o • Not in this presentation: Natural gas, Propane o Petro gas, diesel o Sewer gas, wood firing, steam, many others o • More detailed presentations later Terms: g CO 2/mile energy density, cold-

Methanol • • Produced from natural gas, coal, biomass, and sequestered CO 2 Very cheap (40 -90 cents/gallon currently) 185 g CO 2/mile Medium energy density--range Cold-starting problems, corrosion Infrastructure already established Higher octane=higher compression ratio

Ethanol • • Most well known alt-fuel Already driving E 10 Produced from corn currently, could be from biowaste (cellulosic production) Requires lots of energy input to produce (usually from fossil fuels) Heavily subsidized 191 g CO 2/mile Medium energy density Problems: system compatibility, engine lubrication, cold starting, corn production, using a food source for fuel

• s e v i t a n r e t l Diesel A Veggie Oil (or any heavy oil) Diesel engine very adaptable o Would only account for 8% diesel use, but potential for harming engine o • Biodiesel Produced from biomass and algae o Zero sulfur emissions, 48% reduction in emitted CO 2 o 90% energy density by volume of petro diesel o Cold-starting problems o • Dimethyl Ether Basically the diesel form of methanol o Range problems, must be kept under pressure o

Hydrogen • • Renewable? o 95% hydrogen gas produced using fossil fuels Fuel cells are incredibly expensive, infrastructure not in place Low energy density, must be kept pressurized On-board storage is big problem, embrittles the steel of the engine

? t x e N s ' t a Wh • • • Range improvements on car side o CR, cold-starting, etc. Infrastructure adapting Public education--acceptance Comes from showing how they work o This is where our fun comes in o

) e l t t i l a t s a e l t a ( w o Now You Kn