A Retrospective Analysis of Jockey Injuries in the

A Retrospective Analysis of Jockey Injuries in the United States Jed Crots, MS, ATC Carolina Quintana, MA, ATC Phillip Gribble, Ph. D, ATC, FNATA Cale Jacobs, Ph. D, ATC Carl Mattacola, Ph. D, ATC, FNATA

Purpose • To describe characteristics and modifiable factors in jockeys who have sustained a concussion for the purpose of identifying areas for risk reduction and improved safety.

METHODS Design: Descriptive epidemiological study Setting: Racetracks across the United States Subjects: 1054 reported incidents (975 males and 64 females) • Experience 11. 0 ± 9. 5 years • 45 concussion occurrences Data Collection: September 2014 -September 2016 • Data were collected and entered in the Jockey Injury Database • An incident report was completed if a jockey was physically removed from a horse during a race and/or sought medical attention for an injury • Descriptive statistics were used to identify frequency and percentages of concussion injuries

Variables Type of Helmet Sex Age of Horse Track Surface Jockey Experience

Variables Final Findings Sex Type of Helmet Track Surface Males Females Age of Horse Jockey Experience Females experienced concussion injury at a higher rate than overall injury LAS most commonly worn helmet when sustaining a concussion; most common in Concussion Injury Overall Injury database - Supported by literature Dirt most common track surface when sustaining a concussion; most common in 36/45 database = 80% 988/1054 = 94% - Supported by literature 8/45 3 YO & Up age grouping most common most =when 18%sustaining a concussion; 66/1054 = 6% common in database - Supported by literature Less experienced jockeys experienced a higher number of concussions compared to more experienced jockeys

Conclusions • Continued monitoring and identification of factors related to concussion is necessary in the United States to identify characteristics that can be used to better understand equipment, conditions, and trends that contribute to an increased risk of concussion in horse jockeys • Females and less experienced jockeys were more susceptible to concussion injury

Thank You Questions? “The sun shines bright on my old Kentucky home…”