A New Friction Factor Correlation for Laminar and
- Slides: 39
A New Friction Factor Correlation for Laminar and Single-Phase Fluid Flow through Fractured Rocks K. Nazridoust, G. Ahmadi, and D. H. Smith Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699 -5725 National Energy Technology Laboratory U. S. Department of Energy, Morgantown, WV 26507 -0
Outline Ø CT Scanning Procedures of Fractured Rocks - Geometric Features of Fractures Ø Single Phase Flows through Fractures - Velocity and pressure contours Ø Gas-Liquid Flows - Water Flooding in Oil Saturated Fractures Ø Conclusions
C. T. Scanning of Fractured Rocks
HD-250 Medical C. T. Scanner 0. 5 mm
Pore Space Rendering
OMNI-X High Resolution Industrial Scanner
OMNI-X Scanner - Penn State Source Detector Rock sample in the pressure vessel
Healed Natural Fracture Open Artificial Fracture
Induced Fracture
Fractures Topology Sample diameter is 25 mm. Inset size is 5 x 5 mm.
aperture Extracting Digital Fracture length
Fracture/Sections C. T. Scan Images 240 Micron Resolution
Fracture Sections
Fracture Sections No-slip Wall Inlets
Governing Equations Continuity Momentum Parallel Plate Model, Laminar Flow For ith passage : Tortuosity Friction Factor Average aperture height
Tortuosity
Frequency – Passage Height Distribution Fracture Section Avg. Aperture Height, Havg. ( m) Std. Deviation ( m) Avg. – Std. Deviation ( m) Section (a) 606 302 304 Section (b) 573 296 277 Section (c) 590 304 282 Section (d) 637 325 312 Tortuosity 0. 1457 0. 1705 0. 1513 0. 1533
Pressure for different flow rates, Section (a) - Air
Pressure for different flow rates, Section (a) - Water
Velocity Magnitude, Section (a) - Air
Pressure Drop Air Water
Friction Factor for Laminar Flow between Parallel Plates Friction Factor for Laminar Flow in Fractures
Friction Factor
Pressure Drop Ratio - Air
Pressure Drop Ratio - Water
Two-Phase Flows Water-Oil
Volume Fraction during Water Flooding Water Oil
Velocity Magnitude Contours During Water-Oil Flow on a Plane across Fracture Shaded region is the fracture opening which is made transparent so that the flow can be observed. White regions are rock. The contours are shown on a plane through the fracture.
Volume Fraction of Oil During Water-Oil Flow on a Plane across Fracture
Computational Grid – 3 D – 37 mm
Volume Fraction of Oil
Two-Phase Air-Water Flows though a Multi-Branch Fracture
Natural Multi-Branch Fractures
Air-Water Flow in a Multi-Branch Fracture Velocity Magnitude Contours Air Volume Fraction Contours
Air-Water Flow in a Multi-Branch Fracture Air Volume Fraction Contours
Air-Water Flow in a Multi-Branch Fracture Water Volume Fraction Contours on a Plane
Air-Water Flow in a Multi-Branch Fracture Velocity Magnitude Contours on a Plane
Conclusions Ø The computer simulation technique is capable of capturing the features of the flow through the fracture. Ø The simulation results are in qualitative agreement with the parallel plate model. Ø The newly proposed empirical equation for fracture friction factor provides reasonably accurate estimates for the pressure drops in fractures for range of Reynolds numbers less than 100. Ø A significant portion of the fracture pressure drop occurs in the areas with smallest passage aperture.
Conclusions Ø The order of the magnitude of the pressure in various sections of the fracture is consistent with the number of passages with smallest aperture that are present in those sections. Ø The tortuosity of the fracture passage is an important factor and needs to be included in the parallel plate model.
- Friction factor for laminar flow
- Critical reynolds number
- Wall shear stress formula
- Closed conduits
- Friction factor for laminar flow
- Positive correlation and negative correlation
- Positive correlation versus negative correlation
- Low and high friction
- Factor correlation matrix
- Fluids mechanics
- Blasius equation friction factor
- Constant phase difference
- Gcf 54 and 27
- Definition of turbulent flow
- Fluid definition
- Factoring in algebra
- Factor out the greatest common factor
- Non-researchable questions
- Factoring greatest common factor
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