A Ne TEx profile for UK Bus Fares

A Ne. TEx profile for UK Bus Fares Public Transport and Maa. S Forums – Joint Meeting 9 th July, 2019, Innovation Centre, London 1. Transmodel & Ne. TEx 2. The UK Fare Profile 1

Transmodel, & Ne. TEx 2 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Moving Britain Ahead

Why? - Integrating data for Passenger Information services Maps Dynamic Fares Networks Data Integration & build Timetables Engines Fares 3 Real-time operations Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction APIs User Applications 4 In order to create useful information services, we need to integrate data 4 of many different types… 4 from many different providers… 4 that changes constantly – some of it in real-time 4 This needs to be done 4 Precisely… 4 Repeatedly. . 4 Cheaply… 4 Scaleably… 4 Robustly…

Map API Integrating data from different sources to create PI services Map Engines Trip Planning API Map Rending Maps – (GML, OSM, Inspire) Infrastucture Features Inspire Discovery / Aggregation Timetable Data Build Places – Ne. TEx Part 1 POI – Ne. TEx Part 1 Real-time Situation Store Formats Other formats Trip Planner DJP Trip Fares DJP Stop Events DJP Facilities DJP Protocols Real-Time Prediction Engines Real-time API Data Build for Real-time Operators – Net. Ex Part 1 Fares - Ne. TEx Part 3 Locations DJP Stop Times SIRI-ST/SM Calendars – Ne. TEx Part 1 Timetables - Ne. TEx P 2 Discovery DJP Other APIs…… Fare Data Build Stops – Ne. TEx Part 1 Conversion Trip Planner Engines Map Tiles Estimated Timetable SIRI-PT/ST Vehicle Monitoring SIRI-VM Connections SIRI-CT/CM Incidents SIRI-SX Facility Monitoring SIRI-FM Real-time feeds Transmodel European Conceptual Model 4 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Moving Britain Ahead

Coherent standards give Interoperability - The “Transmodel ecosystem” 4 Complementary formats & protocols: Under development § Bulk exchange of static data (Ne. TEx) Ne. TEx § Dynamic APIs for data (SIRI, DJP) Op. Ra VDV NEPTUNE SIRI 4 Flexibility: adaptations to local needs Trans XChange Bison DJP § National Standards & profiles TRIDENT NOPTIS 4 Coherent “Bridges” to standards for other domains Inspire D 2. 8, 1, 7 TAP TSI TS 13149 P 7/8/9 EBSF GIS – eg Inspire Road – Eg DATEx Flags Indicative, not Exhaustive 5 Transmodel based CEN Standard Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Transmodel Interoperating European Standard National Standard API Moving Britain Ahead November 20

Public Transport data Functional Activity vs Time of Travel PASSENGER INFORMATION FARE MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE Area Functional TRANSPORTATION & OPERATION 6 Pre-trip planning Offers Network, Scheduling Asset & Fleet Management Planning Before Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction On trip, real-time Historic & Query Stats Sales, Validation & Control Historic Transaction Settlement Vehicle monitoring & control Historic Operation Preparation, Movement, Signalling, etc Operations During Historic Usage History After Moving Britain Ahead

Standards Scope Functional Activity vs Time of Travel PASSENGER INFORMATION FARE MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE Area Functional TRANSPORTATION 7 Pre-trip planning GTFS Offers Network, Scheduling On trip, real-time DJ P Sales, Validation & Control Historic Transaction Settlement Vehicle monitoring & control Historic Operation SIRIAsset & Preparation, xx Fleet Transmodel Movement, Managemen Signalling, etc t Operations Planning Before Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Historic & Query Stats During OPRA Historic Usage History After Moving Britain Ahead

Ne. TEx – Evolution from National Standards 2011 2000 2018 Transmodel v 1. 0 - v 5. 1 Transmodel v 6. 0 (P 1, P 2, P 3) v 6. 0 (P 4, P 5, P 6) v 6. 0 (P 7, P 8) Trident/ NEPTUNE Legacy. fr Legacy. de VDV 452 Legacy. uk Trans. XChange, etc Legacy. nl Bison, Noptis, etc Na. PTAN, etc CEN Ne. TEx v 1. 0 Part 1 CEN Ne. TEx v 1. 0 Part 2 CEN Ne. TEx v 1. 0 Part 3 CEN Ne. TEx v 1. 1 IFOPT Fare. XChange, SIRI UIC leaflets GTFS, 8 2016 2012 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction TAP TSI (Rail fares) . de profile Ne. TEx . fr profile EU PROFILE . nl profile Time tables . no profile Ne. TEx EU PROFILE Fares Moving Britain Ahead

Transmodel and the MMTIS Regulation NATIONAL ACCESS POINT data exchange formats INSPIRE Ne. TEx SIRI spatial network multimodal: road, rail, water, air urban & long distance transport TAP TSI IATA rail air DATEX II road transport

Traction! • Ne. TEx National Profiles 4 France, Germany (VDV 462), Sweden, Netherlands, Norway 4 Hungary, Slovenia, Austria, Switzerland, UK 4 EU PI Profile (2018) • Many Active Ne. TEx projects, e. g. 4 Norway – National Timetables & Fares 4 Holland – National PT Fares (BISON) 4 Italy, France, Germany, Hungary, Sweden, 4 European Rail Authority – § TAP TSI: NRT &IRT & Special Fares (2016) , Domestic rail tariff (2018) 4 Open. Source: Chouette • EC investing in PT standards support 4 National Access Points 2 M Euro 4 PT Standards Support project (through PTx. IT? ) 4 M Euro 10 10 Ne. TEx UK Profile - Bus Fare Exchange Moving Britain Ahead

Transmodel, Ne. TEx and Model Driven Design 11 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Moving Britain Ahead

MODEL DRIVEN DESIGN Concept 4 Conceptual Model is implementation independent CONCEPTUAL MODEL § Use to design § Described in UML Design 4 May have alternative Physical Models for different target implementations § XML Physical design as UML 4 Implementation is derived from physical model. Physical Model for HLL Physical Model for DDL Physical Model for XML Implementation in Java Implementation in SQL Implementation DDL in XML § Ne. TEx XML Schema 12 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Moving Britain Ahead

Designing a CEN Exchange format Package & Element level traceability Conceptual Physical Schema 4 Traceability § Equivalent elements can be found at each level § Physical design and Implementation each add further detail and constraints 4 Tool support (EA, XML SPY, OXYGEN, etc) 13 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Moving Britain Ahead

Designing a CEN Exchange format Package & Element level traceability Conceptual 14 Physical Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Schema Moving Britain Ahead

Building on Existing data elements SERVICE CALENDAR FRAME (Day Types, etc) FARE FRAME (Products & Tariffs) RESOURCE FRAMEs SALES TRANSACTION FRAMEs (Purchases) SERVICE FRAMEs (Stops & lines etc) TIMETABLE FRAMEs (Products & Tariffs) FARE FRAME (Prices) COMPOSITE FRAME Grouping 15 SITE FRAME (Physical Stops, Accessibility. etc) Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Moving Britain Ahead

Advantages of Model Based Design • Reusable: 4 The same concepts & data sets can be used for § All PT domains: e. g. Networks, Timetables & Fares, § For all Modes, § For different use cases: planning, operations, PI, etc • Precise, Modular 4 Uniform terminology & Concept set 4 Separates concerns 4 Separates data sets of different stakeholders 4 Only need to use relevant components / modules 4 Extensible, Flexible • Less complicated overall 4 Single, uniform set of concepts 16 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Moving Britain Ahead

Describing Fares with Ne. TEx Network Basis Network • stops, tariff zones, line, operator • Zone 1 contains 8 stops…. , Line 1 runs… Tariff Structure Fare policy / tariff structure: • space-, time-based…access rights • P 2 p fare, Stage fare, Flat fare Main title Access Rights Content Pricing Prices attached to elements Pricing rules Adult flexible single costs £ 30 Child = 50% Adult price Fare Products Sales Offer Packages Travel Specification Fulfilment & Payment Control & Validation Billing &Clearing 17 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Rights to access & consume services: • scope and order of use • validity and usage rules • bus trip stop X to stop Y, metro trip 3 zones Marketable combinations of access rights • validity & usage limiting parameters • & charging moments • off peak metro trip 3 zones followed by bus trip 2 zones , no interchange, Child reduction Sales Offer Description: • media & travel document types • distribution channels & contracts • Paper ticket at ATM, carnet of 10, smartcard Travel Specification • Specific set of choices to purchase • Adult single A to B on a smartcard Moving Britain Ahead

Network Basis Common Framework Tariff Structure Describing Fares with Ne. TEx Access Rights Fare Products Pricing Sales Offer Packages Travel Specifications & Sales 18 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Basic Scope Moving Britain Ahead

Using Ne. TEx for a UK Fare profile Needed? Possible Out of current scope / On Future roadmap? 19 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Basic Scope Moving Britain Ahead

Ne. TEx Profiles System A CEN Transmodel A high level Conceptual Model for PT data: implementation independent PLACES STOPS CEN Ne. TEx ACCESSIBILITY OPERATORS ROUTES An Exchange Format for PT data: a concrete implementation (W 3 C XML Schema) TIMETABLES Na. PTAN, NPTG, TXC 20 ACCESSIBILITY OPERATORS ROUTES TIMETABLES FARE PRICES System B FARES Ne. TEx Profile: FARE PRICES Local agreement for using Ne. TEx in a national or international context for a specific business purpose Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Moving Britain Ahead

Main use case is Fare & Price distribution – i. e. Downstream Maps Networks UK Ne. TEx Bus Profile Data Creation: Planning & Integration Data Integration & build Timetables Engines Fares Dynamic Fares 22 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Basic Scope APIs User Applications Data Creation: Operations, Retail

Fare Scope Use Case Data Distribution 4 Provide fare products & fare prices as open data for third party use (in journey planners, etc. )? § Describe available fare products and their eligibility conditions. § Relate fare products to network and timetabled journeys so trip planners can compute fare products and fare prices for trips, show available products for area, etc. 23 § Allow the separate exchange of prices from fare structures & products. § Expose a justification of the fare (Distance, discounts etc) Support both machine readable & human readable representation of validity parameters (user types, times of travel, etc) § Include information about how/where products can be bought. § Include fares valid for specific and multiple operators. Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Basic Scope Moving Britain Ahead

Profile Scope - Workflows 4 Data Architectures & Workflows? § Distributed Peer to peer : Operator places data on website. § Managed: An intermediary aggregates and integrates. 4 Granularity of exchange? § Network scope: Network / Operator / Line / Timetable / Region. . § Frequency: (Annual, Monthly, Periodic, when it changes…) § Prices: Exchange separately from Fare Structure? § Discovery / Directory / Register: 4 How does data become available at a UK National Access Point? § 4 What needs to be included in the data to enable self describing data & validation of the above? 4 Operator, validity conditions, code values, etc. 24 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Basic Scope Moving Britain Ahead

Profile Scope - Prices 4 What Prices are needed? 1. Final Prices for every parameter combination 1. Base prices + Derivation parameters § PRICING RULE as percentage of another price § Need rounding steps and any minimum/maximum limits 2. Dynamic Prices? § No actual prices are exchanged, instead where to fetch an online price for a given product choice. A 3. Price Groups? § Where Price is common to several elements 25 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Basic Scope Moving Britain Ahead

Profile scope - Modes 4 Can be covered by Basic Products • • Bus as add-on to Rail etc (e. g. Plus bus) Ferry Light Rail, Tram? 4 Require additional complex products • Coach? (Seat Reservations, luggage, Routing? …. ) • Metro / London Underground, PAYG, Capped fares) • Rail (routing, advance products, etc) 26 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Basic Scope Moving Britain Ahead

Profile scope - #5 Interoperability? 4 Network & Timetable data § NPTG Localities § Na. PTAN § Trans. XChange Line / Journey ids § NOC Operator codes 4 A UK Bus CSV representation of Fare Triangles? § Similar to Na. PTAN stop csv § Basic Tariff Structures: § O/Ds, Zones, Stages § Products § Tariff Prices § O/D x product/user type/ x x price 4 GTFS Fare Rules Translation? 27 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Basic Scope Moving Britain Ahead

UK Bus Example: A Point to Point Fare 28 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Moving Britain Ahead

Metrobus 1 - Single ride © Metrobus 2018 29 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction https: //www. metrobus. co. uk/route-information/1 Moving Britain Ahead

UK Bus Example: Some Period Passes (Day & Season) 30 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Moving Britain Ahead

SEASON PASS - Metrorider © Metrobus 2018 31 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Moving Britain Ahead

Nested Fare Zones - Metrorider & Metrovoyager © Metrobus 2018 32 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Moving Britain Ahead

UK Bus Example: A Unit Section or “Stage” Fare 33 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Moving Britain Ahead

Stage /Section Count Fares Ø Does not matter which section, just the number of sections. © First Group 2018 34 UK Bus Fare Ne. Tex Profile Moving Britain Ahead November 20

Basic UK Bus fare products Access rights Type of Product TRIP (“single ride”) PASS Flat Point to point Named Zones Zone/ Stage Count Peak / Off Peak Group Ticket Temporal Conditions Short hop - - No journey break Single trip Has use by date? - - - Max trip duration, Can interchange Period Return Has use by date? Day return Must use same day Day pass - - - 1 Day(elapsed or calendar) Termtime - ? - - - Use during term 1 Y - - n x D, W, M, 1 Y PREASSIGNED Fare Product FARE PRODUCT Time-limited (“Hopper”) Season pass 35 Tariff Structure Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Moving Britain Ahead

Carnets: Multi-trip / Multi-pass offers Access rights Type of Product FARE PRODUCT Fare Product (AMOUNT OF PRICE UNIT) Multi-trip Tariff Structures Quantity Related tariff structure Temporal Conditions Any individual Trips have use-by date Trips can be time limited Day Passes have specified duration Passes have use-by date CARNET Multi-Day pass 36 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Basic Scope Moving Britain Ahead

UK Bus Fares – Example User Types USER PROFILE 37 Personal Discounted Note Adult x x Over 16 Infant x Babes in arms free Child x c 5 – c 16 years Youth x c 16 -18 years School Pupil x At School Student / Trainee University, APprentice Senior Resident, >60 years Disabled Registered disabled Disabled Companion With disabled Job seeker Armed Forces Registered Employee Scheme E. g. Gatwick Airport Staff Moving Britain Ahead

#6. 3: UK Bus Profile – Group Ticket Types GROUP TICKET Group ticket 38 Note Anyone 2 -N Anyone Family 1 -2 Adults + 1 -N, Children Couple / Duo 2 Adults School Pupils 1 -N Adults + 2 -N Pupils Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Basic Scope Moving Britain Ahead

#7. 1: UK Bus – Media / Travel Documents TYPE OF TRAVEL Media DOCUMENT Machine Readable Barcode, OCR, Shot. Code, etc E-document/pdf Barcode, OCR, Shot. Code, etc SMS /MMS Barcode, OCR, Shot. Code, etc OCR e. g. Travel card Contact Ticket Machine / Counter only EMV Contact, NFC x Account Based Ticketing has id but no app Smart. Card Contact, NFC x (ABT) Has travel app chip Mobile App NFC, (bluetooth) ABT Downloadable to smart device Card Magstripe E-ACTIVE 39 Note Paper VISUAL E-PASSIVE Human Readable Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Basic Scope From machine or conductor Self print / store on mobile device Moving Britain Ahead

UK BUS Product parameters – Travel Conditions Relevance Condition TRAVEL HOW TRAVEL WHEN 40 Local Trip Coac h Trip Seaso n Ticket Note Right to Interchange x Trips only INTERCHANGING Right to Break Journey x Trips only INTERCHANGING Routing Restrictions x ? x Condition ROUTING Round Trip x Single, Period Return, Day Trip Usage Validity Period See discussion of temporal factors Frequency of Use x x e. g. 2 per day, vs unlimited use Minimum Stay x ? x Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Basic Scope USAGE PARAMETER Excursion products only? ROUND TRIP USAGE VALIDITY PERIOD FREQUENCY MINIMUM STAY Moving Britain Ahead

UK BUS Product Parameters – Sales & After-Sales Conditions Relevance Condition Period in which a ticket can be bought. Presales After Sales 41 Local Trip Coac h Trip Season Ticket ? Period and conditions for reserving a ticket. x x Can ticket be given to another to use? Can reservation be cancelled? x x Can you modify travel times or change journey details? x Can you get all or some money back? ? Can you get a replacement for a lost ticket? Notes USAGE PARAMETERs PURCHASE WINDOW RESERVING TRANSFERABILITY CANCELLING x EXCHANGING REFUNDING x Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Basic Scope REPLACING

Integrating data 42 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Moving Britain Ahead

Combining Tariffs Each tariff describes itself; it is the trip planner/ fare engine’s task to find the applicable, best value fares for given trip G T 1 Tariff 1 F T 2 B A T 3 Data Integratio n & build APIs User Applications T 4 C Tariff 3 Tariff 2 D Tariff 4 E A B: T 1 A C: T 1, T 2, T 4 A D: T 2, T 4 A E: T 4 A F: T 2 A G: x

Complex UK Bus Fare Products Discount cards, etc Peak / Off Peak (Can) or Must be Account Based Notes SALES DISCOUNT RIGHT E. g. like a Railcard CAPPED SALES Capped Sales DISCOUNT Discount Right. RIGHT PAYG e. g. Oyster USAGE DISCOUNT Usage Discount Right RIGHT Rebate for use, e. g. mileage STORED VALUE AMOUNTOf. OF PRICE Amount Price UNIT Unit - Stored value ENTITLING PRODUCT THIRD PARTY Third PRODUCT Party - - FARE Fare Product PRODUCT SALES DISCOUNT 44 Ne. TEx Fares E. g. Military Pass

Add-on UK Bus Fare Products Not needed except for Coach? Tariff Structure Named Zones Peak / Off Peak - - - Size dependent? Excess Luggage - - - If extra ticket needed Excursion Window of use Special Event Product Group Event date FARE PRODUCT Fare Product Flat Seat Reservation Bicycle Animal TRIP SUPPLEMENT Point to point TRIP & PASS ADD ON 45 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Basic Scope Notes If separate ticket needed If extra ticket needed Moving Britain Ahead

How to partition a UK Multi-operator product Plusbus Prices Operator specific Lines & exceptions Vary by zone Operator B Operator C Plusbus Product definitions National Rail Travel Products National Railcard Products Operator …. . Common Plus Bus access definitions National Stop & Plusbus Zone definitions (NPTG & NAPTAN) Moving Britain Ahead

UK Rail card products Railcard GSOP 4 Single FARE PRODUCT 4 Multiple SALES OFFER PACKAGEs 4 Different USER PROFILEs 4 Shared properties defined by GROUP OF SALES OFFER PACKAGES Flat rate Railcard FARE PRODUCT USER PROFILEs 47 Senior Railcard 16 -25 Railcard Family & Friends Railcard Network Railcard SALES OFFER PACKAGEs Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Complex Fares Disabled Persons Railcard Two Together Railcard Moving Britain Ahead

Summary Points 48 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Moving Britain Ahead

Benefits of Transmodel / Ne. TEx Approach to Fares § Powerful Component based representation § Allows many different tariff combinations to be described with the same set of atomic components § Allows complex conditions to be expressed § Allows necessary packaging of products into different offers § Gives highly reusable implementations 4 Joined up conceptual model - Reuses existing Network & Timetable elements § Network (Stops, tariff zones, modes, operators, etc) § Timetable elements, servicesetc § Temporal conditions and day types, validities 4 Robust, Flexible, Extensible Technology § XML allows selective use, validation integrity checking etc § UML provides tool supported system documentation § Conceptual model for Account Based Ticketing and future developments 49 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Moving Britain Ahead November 20

UK Fare profile: Basic vs Advanced Fare features. Aspect Basic Fare profile Advanced Fare profile Tariff Structure Spatial • • Point-to-Point, Zone-to-Zone Composite tariffs Zonal Stage fare / unit section Flat Tariff - Temporal • Time intervals + Peak/ offpeak etc conditions Products • • • Trip, Pass, Carnet +Sale Discounts, Capping Product options • • User Types, Group Tickets Simple travel constraints +Complex commercial conditions Sales Offers • Media, Distribution Channel Scaling • Line, Network, Operator(s) +Comple Multi-operator, National, modular Prices • Absolute prices + Derived prices 50

What is Ne. TEx? 4 A CEN standard format for the exchange of PT data for Passenger Information 4 Networks, Timetables, Fares 4 Based on CEN Transmodel conceptual model for PT data (Ne. TEx is a subset) 4 Concepts evolved over 20 years from real PT systems across Europe. (Now on Version 6. 0) 4 Now mandated for widespread EU use 4 Uses a modular XML schema 4 Model driven design from conceptual model in UML 4 Free to use under a GPL License 51 Ne. TEx UK Fare Profile - Introduction Moving Britain Ahead

Ne. TEx Validators & Profiles Ne. TEx Profile System A Ne. TE x ML SCHEMA PLACES STOPS ACCESSIBILIT Y OPERATORS ROUTES TIMETABLES Pass Fail, XML Validator ? Ne. TEx Validator Fare. XChange Profile System B ? PLACES Fare. XChange Validator STOPS ACCESSIBILIT Y OPERATORS ROUTES TIMETABLES FARES FARE PRICES FXC P 52 Fail, Warning, Pass Profile Conformant Document Moving Britain Ahead