A MultiLayered Display with Water Drops Peter Barnum

A Multi-Layered Display with Water Drops Peter Barnum Srinivasa Narasimhan Takeo Kanade Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University SIGGRAPH 2010 July 27, 2010

Types of Displays 2 D with an LCD monitor 3 D with an etched glass cube Nayar 2007 3 D with Anaglyph glasses 3 D with auto-stereoscopy 2 Sony 2009

Water Drops Displays Pevnick et al. 1979 -present Eitoku et al. 2006 3

Applications of Water Drop Displays Car show advertising Interactive games Art exhibits 3 D touchable display 4

Water Drop Display 101 5

Water Drop Display 101 6

Water Drop Display 101 7

How to Assemble a Water Drop Display Step 1: Create the drops Step 3: Project on the drops Step 2: Find the drops 8

Drop on Demand 9

Challenges With Drop on Demand Desired result Varying timing Satellite drops 10

Fluid Mechanics of Drop on Demand Feed 1. The emitter diameter: 1 mm 2. The pressure differential: 10 k. Pa Emitter 3. The feed diameter: 19 mm Ambravaneswaran et al. 2002 Munson et al. 2009 11

Drop on Demand With a Linear Manifold 12

Detecting Drop Locations Drop hz = 30 Refresh hz = 60 FPS = 60 13

Detecting Drop Locations Drop hz = 30 Refresh hz = 60 FPS = 60 14

Detecting Drop Locations Drop hz = 30 Refresh hz = 60 FPS = 60 15

How to Illuminate the Layer of Drops Drop hz = 30 Refresh hz = 60 FPS = 60 16

Illuminating Multiple 2 D Layers Number of layers = M Drop hz = N Refresh hz ≥ NM 17

Control and Data Flow Valve control Duemilanove Camera PG Firefly MV Graphics card Quadro 4600 Projector Sony 3 -LCD Computer Quad-Xeon 18

Projector Drop Emitters Camera 19

A Single Emitter Manifold Solenoid Plastic pipe Diaphragm valve 50 metal needles 20

Synchronized Drops, Camera, and Projector 21

High-Speed Video of the Emitted Drops 22

High-Speed Video of the Emitted Drops 23

Aquarium Simulator 24

Red-Green-Blue 25

Close-up 26

Wide Viewing-Angle 27

2. 5 D Tetris 28

Summary and Future Work Step 1: Create layers of drops Step 3: Project on the drops Step 2: Find the drops 29

Summary and Future Work Step 1: Create more layers of drops Step 3: Project on the drops Step 2: Find the drops 30

Summary and Future Work Step 1: Create more layers of drops Step 3: Project faster on the drops Step 2: Find the drops 31

The Dream: Touchable 3 D Models 32

Acknowledgements Shelley Anna Larry Hayhurst Scott Satkin Yaser Sheikh Prasanna Velagapudi Lynn Walker Lee Weiss CMU and Georgia Tech graphics groups 33

Drop on Demand

Water Drop Display 101

Drop on Demand With a Linear Manifold