A Framework for the Frames Using the Peritextual

A Framework for the Frames: Using the Peritextual Literacy Framework To Teach the ACRL Frames Don Latham and Melissa Gross Florida State University LOEX 2019

What is peritext? • The term comes from literary theory developed by Gérard Genette in the 1990 s. • He defined Paratext as “as common elements provided within a book (peritext) and elements outside of the book (epitext) that refer to the book and can affect individual, as well as cultural, perceptions of a text”; therefore, “Paratext = peritext + epitext” (pp. 4 -5). • Examples of peritext include the foreword, table of contents, index, and source notes. • Examples of epitext include book reviews, interviews, author websites and letters, and critical literary analysis.

Peritextual Literacy Framework (PLF) • Developed in 2015 to fill in a gap in Genette’s theory of Paratext • Categorizes the functions of peritext into six types • Production (elements that uniquely identify a work) • Promotional (elements that interface between the work and its potential audience) • Navigational (elements that assist the reader in understanding the organization of the work and how to search the content) • Intratextual (elements within the work that interface between the work and the reader) • Supplemental (elements outside the text proper that augment understanding of the content) • Documentary (elements that connect the audience to external works used in the production of the work or that reify or extend the content of the work)

Two Key Questions • Can the PLF be applied to journal and magazine articles? • Can the PLF be used to teach the ACRL Frames?

PLF Handout Peritext Type Examples of Peritext Elements Examples of ACRL Frames Production (Elements that uniquely identify a work) Author name(s) Date of publication Volume & issue number Professional association Journal/magazine title ISSN Title (and subtitle) DOI Advertisements Author biography Author contact information List of other works by author List of other works by publisher Authority is Constructed and Contextual Information Has Value Navigation (Elements that assist the reader in understanding the organization of the work and how to search the content) Headings/subheadings Page numbers Hyperlinks Hot links Research as Inquiry Intratextual (Elements within the work that interface between the work and the reader) Acknowledgments Abstract Keywords Disclaimer Videos Tables Charts/graphs Captions Glossary Photographs/Illustrations Maps Timeline Source notes References/bibliography Suggested reading Discography Webography Videography Image credits Information Creation as a Process Information Has Value Promotion (Elements that interface between the work and its potential audience) Supplemental (Elements outside the text proper that augment understanding of the content) Documentation (Elements that connect the audience to external works used in the production of the work or that reify or extend the content of the work) Authority is Constructed and Contextual Information Creation as a Process Scholarship as Conversation Research as Inquiry Searching as Strategic Exploration Information Creation as a Process Scholarship as Conversation Research as Inquiry Searching as Strategic Exploration

PLF • Model first published in Gross, M. , & Latham, D. (2017). The peritextual literacy framework: Using the functions of peritext to support critical thinking. Library and Information Science Research, 39(2), 116 -123. • Uses • • • framework for media literacy and analysis access and evaluate information increase reading comprehension increase critical thinking skills support media design and production support further research on peritext

Using the PLF to teach the Frames • Demonstrate the relationship (one-to-many) between the PLF and the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education • Topics • Keto Diet • Sample Resources • Online magazine article: Castro, G. (n. d. ) What is the Keto diet, and should you be trying it? Fitness Magazine. Retrieved from https: //www. fitnessmagazine. com/weightloss/plans/diets/keto-diet/ • Online magazine article: Sass, C. (2016, December 16). The Ketogenic diet might be the next big weight loss trend, but should you try it? Health. Retrieved from https: //www. health. com/nutrition/ketogenic-diet • Full-text journal article: Stephenson, S. , Bolyard, C. , & Stover, S. (2018). Effects of increased caloric intake on resting metabolic rate and respiratory quotient during a ketogenic diet: A six -month case study. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 21(5). Retrieved from https: //www. asep. org/asep/JEPonline. OCTOBER 2018_Stover. pdf

Authority is Constructed and Contextual • Sample Questions (taken from Knowledge Practices) • What elements can you find that tell you something about the creator’s expertise and the credibility of the information? • Based on these elements, what kind of authority do you think the creator(s) of this work have? (subject expertise, societal position, special experience, etc. ) • Production element examples • Author name • Publication date • Promotional element examples • • Author bio Author website List of other works by author List of other works by the publisher • Documentary element examples • References • Suggested reading

Information Creation as a Process • Sample Questions (taken from Knowledge Practices) • What are the implications of information formats that contain static or dynamic information? • How does format (magazine vs. journal) effect how information is perceived? • Production element examples • Author name • Publication date • Title • Intratextual element examples • Abstract • Keywords • Documentary element examples • References • Suggested reading

Information Has Value • Sample Questions (taken from Knowledge Practices) • How does the commodification of personal information affect the information you receive and the information you produce or disseminate? • What does it mean to make informed choices online as regards privacy and the commodification of personal information? • Promotional element examples • Endorsements • Share and follow buttons • Intratextual element examples • Acknowledgements • Reader comments • Disclaimers • Documentary element examples • Source notes • References

Research as Inquiry • Sample Questions (taken from Knowledge Practices) • Has the author organized information in meaningful ways? • Has the author synthesized ideas gathered from multiple sources? • Navigation element examples • Section headers and subheaders • Supplemental element examples • Hot links in text • Embedded videos • Documentary element examples • List of references

Scholarship as Conversation • Sample Questions (taken from Knowledge Practices) • What elements tell you that an author has cited the contributing work of others? • What evidence is there that the author is contributing to scholarly conversation at an appropriate level? • Documentary element examples • List of references • Production element examples • Information about Health magazine • Information about Journal of Exercise Physiology

Searching as Strategic Exploration • Sample Questions (taken from Knowledge Practices) • What evidence is there that the author has identified interested parties who might produce information relevant to the topic? • Supplemental element examples • Hot links • Embedded videos • Documentary element examples • List of references

Conclusion The PLF can be used with the frames to open up discussion of the threshold concepts. This is one example, you may find other connections.

References • Association of College and Research Libraries. (2016). Framework for information literacy for higher education. Chicago, IL: American Library Association. Retrieved from http: //www. ala. org/acrl/standards/ilframework • Castro, G. (n. d. ) What is the Keto diet, and should you be trying it? Fitness Magazine. Retrieved from https: //www. fitnessmagazine. com/weight-loss/plans/diets/keto-diet/ • Genette, G. (1991). An introduction to the paratext. New Literary History, 22(2), 261 -272. • Genette, G. (1997). Paratexts: Thresholds of interpretation. New York: Cambridge University Press. • Sass, C. (2016, December 16). The Ketogenic diet might be the next big weight loss trend, but Health, Retrieved from https: //www. health. com/nutrition/ketogenic-diet. • Stephenson, S. , Bolyard, C. , & Stover, S. (2018). Effects of increased caloric intake on resting metabolic rate and respiratory quotient during a ketogenic diet: A six-month case study. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 21(5). Retrieved from https: //www. asep. org/asep/JEPonline. OCTOBER 2018_Stover. pdf

Bibliography of PLF publications • Latham, Don, & Gross, Melissa. (in press). Peritext and pedagogy: Supporting critical thinking through young adult nonfiction. In K. Coats, R. Trites, & M. Cadden (eds. ). Options for Teaching YA Literature. New York, NY: Modern Language Association. • Witte, Shelbie, Latham, Don, & Gross, Melissa (eds). (2019). Literacy engagement through peritextual analysis. Chicago, IL: ALA Editions and the National Council of Teachers of English. • Latham, Don, & Gross, Melissa. (2019). Pausing at the threshold: Peritextual images in young adult nonfiction award winners. The Journal of Research on Libraries and Young Adults, 9(2), Available at http: //www. yalsa. ala. org/jrlya/ • Witte, Shelbie, Latham, Don, & Gross, Melissa. (2019). The peritextual literacy framework as a teaching and critical thinking tool. [Blog post]. National Council of Teachers of English Blog. Available at http: //www 2. ncte. org/blog/2019/02/the-peritextual-literacy -framework/ • Gross, Melissa, & Latham, Don. (2018, November). Promoting media literacy through peritextual analysis in the classroom. SLAM 2018: Creating critical spaces for critical times. Raising Student Voices, 2018 National Council of Teachers of English Annual Convention, Houston, TX. • Gross, Melissa, & Latham, Don. (2017). The peritextual literacy framework: Using the functions of peritext to support critical thinking. Library and Information Science Research, 39(2), 116 -123. • Gross, Melissa, Latham, Don, Underhill, Jennifer, & Bak, Hyerin. (2016). The peritext book club: Reading to foster critical thinking about STEAM texts. School Library Research, 19. Available at http: //www. ala. org/aasl/slr • Latham, Don, & Gross, Melissa. (2016, June). Animating Reader Engagement: The role of the visual peritext in young adult nonfiction. Animation. 43 rd Annual International Conference of the Children’s Literature Association, Columbus, Ohio, June 9 -11. • Gross, Melissa, & Latham, Don. (2015, September). Promoting peritextual literacy: A framework for evaluating nonfiction. Georgia International Conference on Information Literacy, Savannah, GA.

Discussion How might you use the PLF to teach the frames? Do you see any specific opportunities for using the PLF to teach the frames within your institution?

Thank you! Questions? Comments? dlatham@fsu. edu mgross@fsu. edu