A Framework for Assessing the Biocomplexity of Material
A Framework for Assessing the Biocomplexity of Material Use Jun-Ki Choi 1, Bhavik R. Bakshi 1 and Tim Haab 2 1 Center for Resilience, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH-43210 2 Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics. The Ohio State University, Columbus OH-43210 The Intermediate Input-Output Meeting, July 9 -11, 2008, Seville, Spain Framework Motivation and Needs p Cost push & demand pull systems § Fixed output & fixed input coefficients respectively § Total output change by the change of value added & final demand respectively p Leontief price model § Capture percentage change of commodity price by the change of factor price (V. A. ) or the change in input structure (A) when used with monetary IO table. § Price change caused by the cost-push model affect the Environmental input coefficients. Analysis (A) but not the output coefficient (B). p Hypothetical Carbon tax ($50/ton Coal, $25/barrel Oil) is levied to the whole year 2002 economy proportion to the physical amount of burning the fossil fuels. Following graphs show the CO 2 reduction. p Successful development and execution of industrial products and processes requires consideration of economic, environmental and social factors that span multiple spatial and temporal scales. p “Biocomplexity refers to the dynamic web of often surprising interrelationships that arise when components of various disciplines in multiple temporal and spatial scales interact” – U. S. National Science Foundation p Analyzing these interrelations among these systems is essential for ensuring feasibility of engineering and economic activities. p Ultimate goal is to develop a multi-scale framework for integrated assessment of technology and policy alternatives for material Existinganalysis. Methodologies use by input-output p Engineering- Detailed, scientifically sound models of equipment and processes are available. p Environmental- Many methods consider resource consumption, emissions and their impact throughout life cycle (LCA, MFA, Energy, and Exergy Analysis). p Economy - Macroeconomic models consider interaction between aggregated sectors (EIO, CGE, Partial Equilibrium Models) and microeconomic models focus on consumer behavior. p However, most of the method usually focus on the single scale modeling and ignores the multi Interaction between and Industry scale aspect of different. Economy disciplines. Tax ECONOMY Final Demand Price elasticity of demand INDUSTRY … Demand. Pull Consumer System Demand Cost of Product Electricity sector Disaggregation Economy wide p Different rules for disaggregation are used for allocating the physical input and output transactions. Aggregated p Price of all commodities increased when the carbon tax Coal is fired applied. electricity generation NG & Pet. fired electricity generation Disaggregated NAICS 2211 Electric power generation p Percentage price change of the disaggregated coal fired electricity and natural gas/petroleum fired electricity are increased with highest rate compare to other commodities. p It implies that these sectors consumes lots of fossil fuels. Integrated Engineering Analysis p Profits of an engineering plant are compared for different scenarios. Economy level Disaggregated Economy level Engineering Process level Integrated Multiscale Modeling p Maximize {Profit of industrial process} p Subject to § Mass and energy conservation equations p Profit increased for Multi-scale case even after carbon tax levied. p This is because the percentage price increase of electricity is much higher than that of raw materials and the percentage decrease of the production. Allocation of Physical Flows On-going works Cost-Push System & Leontief Price Model Prices of Raw Materials § Dual price equations of disaggregated economy § Carbon Tax Ghosh Model Different Industrial Operation Price Changes Input-Output Models Electricity share In 2002 economy (Data Source: EIA) § Price elasticity of demand for each commodities -Engineering Optimization Electronic copy of this poster can be requested to dominick. choi@gmail. com or bakshi. 2@osu. edu p Life cycle analysis of the alternative transportation fuels p Utilization of the developed framework for accounting the possible shock in economy to engineering system p Develop rigorous methods to account for the role of natural Acknowledgement capital in engineering production decision making p This work is supported by U. S. National Science Foundation under MUSES grant (ECS 0524924)
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