A European aerosol phenomenology JeanPhilippe Putaud Joint Research

A European aerosol phenomenology Jean-Philippe Putaud Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and Sustainability EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 1 1

Aim at fulfilling users’ needs Aerosols and Health: Which physical or chemical PM characteristic is responsible for health effects? Aerosols and Climate: It is expected that negotiations beyond the Kyoto Protocol will have to consider also the role of aerosols. Aerosol Modeling Models need testing and validation against fundamental data such as aerosol particle size distributions and chemical compositions. EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 2 2

Compilation of data-sets including: 1 - PM chemical composition OR particle number size distribution 2 - independent measurement of PM mass concentration Beyond the EMEP monitoring program at that time → data collected mainly from other scientific projects EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 3 3

http: //ccu. jrc. it/ downloaded 741 times EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 4 4

EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 5 5

data from 34 sites, provided by 13 institutes, in 14 countries Background: Aerosol optical depth at 555 nm in August 1997 measured from space EMEP TFMM from TNO FEL (NL), Robles-Gonzalez et al. , Geophys. Res. Lett. , 955 -958, 2000. 6 Helsinki, 11 May 2006 6

PM 2. 5 (µg/m³) PM 10 (µg/m³) PM mass concentration annual statistics natural EMEP TFMM rural Helsinki, 11 May 2006 near-city 7 urban kerbside 7

PM 10 composition PM 10 annual average chemical composition natural EMEP TFMM rural near-city Helsinki, 11 May 2006 8 urban kerbside 8

SO 4 contribution to PM 10 vs PM 10 level natural EMEP TFMM rural Helsinki, 11 May 2006 near-city 9 urban kerbside 9

NO 3 contribution to PM 10 vs PM 10 level natural EMEP TFMM rural Helsinki, 11 May 2006 near-city 10 urban kerbside 10

OM contribution to PM 10 vs PM 10 level natural EMEP TFMM rural Helsinki, 11 May 2006 near-city 11 urban kerbside 11

BC contribution to PM 10 vs PM 10 level natural EMEP TFMM rural Helsinki, 11 May 2006 near-city 12 urban kerbside 12

mineral dust contribution to PM 10 vs PM 10 level natural EMEP TFMM rural Helsinki, 11 May 2006 near-city 13 urban kerbside 13

seasonal mean SO 4 contribution to PM 10 natural EMEP TFMM rural Helsinki, 11 May 2006 near-city 14 urban kerbside 14

seasonal mean NO 3 contribution to PM 10 natural EMEP TFMM rural Helsinki, 11 May 2006 near-city 15 urban kerbside 15

seasonal mean OM contribution to PM 10 natural EMEP TFMM rural Helsinki, 11 May 2006 near-city 16 urban kerbside 16

seasonal mean BC contribution to PM 10 natural EMEP TFMM rural Helsinki, 11 May 2006 near-city 17 urban kerbside 17

seasonal mean min. dust contribution to PM 10 natural EMEP TFMM rural Helsinki, 11 May 2006 near-city 18 urban kerbside 18

Median number size distribution in summer during the morning, afternoon and night periods EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 19 19

Natural EMEP TFMM Rural Helsinki, 11 May 2006 Near-city 20 Urban Kerbside 20

Any relationship between PM mass and particle number concentrations ? natural EMEP TFMM rural Helsinki, 11 May 2006 near-city 21 urban kerbside 21

Some conclusions • Sulfate and organic matter are the 2 main contributors to PM, except at kerbside sites where mineral dust (incl. trace elements) and black carbon predominate. • Sulfate and BC contributions to PM 10 are quite constant, nitrate, OM and mineral dust contributions are highly variable • NO useful correlation between PM mass and particle number concentrations EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 22 22

Some comments • Lots of relevant data sets are not included in this compilation • The lack of harmonisation in sampling and analytical techniques makes comparisons between sites difficult. EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 23 23

http: //www. nilu. no/projects/ccc/emepdata. html EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 24 Transboundary Particulate Matter in Europe: Status Report 2005 EMEP particulate matter data: 24

EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 25 Data Report 2003 Acidifying and eutrophying compounds EMEP acidifying and eutrophying matter data: 25

EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 26 Heavy metals and POP measurements, 2003 EMEP heavy metal concentrations data: 26

EMEP organic and elemental carbon data: EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 27 27

Station EMEP TFMM PM mass ions Beresinski (BR) X Iskrba (SI) X X HPB (DE) X X Kosetice (CZ) X Neuglobsow (DE) X Mace Head (IE) X Schauinsland (DE) X JFJ (CH) X Helsinki, 11 May 2006 28 C elements number size dist. X X (OPC) X X X X X 28

EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 29 29

NSD data EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 30 30

633 Perspective: A European aerosol phenomenology – stage 2 • Make use of the COST 633 action structure to - more systematically compile the existing aerosol data - assess comparability of various analytical methods • Make the existing aerosol data available to a larger community through the WDCA EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 31 31

633 EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 32 32

633 EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 33 33

Conclusions: THANKS ! • There is a huge potential to complete a unique aerosol data compilation over Europe - going much beyond what is currently existing - widely available to various communities - with a guaranteed perennity through the use of the WMO-WDCA • This perspective should attract more stakeholders – collaboration with EMEP TFMM would certainly help EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 34 34

Supplementary material EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 35 633 35

EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 36 36

near-city and urban background kerbside PM 2. 5 PM 10 natural and rural background EMEP TFMM Helsinki, 11 May 2006 37 37