A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO CONFIDENCE BUILDING Air Commodore

A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO CONFIDENCE BUILDING Air Commodore John Maas CBE RAF john. maas@eeas. europa. eu

EU Comprehensive Approach Comprehensive action through consensus European Security Strategy Development Aid SANCTIONS POLICY STRATCOMM

Important to send the right signals – point the way EU - Goal is to take a Global Approach bringing together regional Interests Comprehensive Approach offers hard and soft levers Trust – born from Communication, Relationships and Physical Measures

European Union operations have a strong regional focus Challenges: Challenges Humanitarian crises Disease Ungovernable spaces Urbanisation Migration Terrorism Radicalisation Violent Extremism

Active EU Operations and Missions "Where Trust has failed" EUBAM Libya EUFOR ALTHEA BIH EULEX KOSOVO EUNAVFOR MED EUAM UKRAINE EUMM GEORGIA EUCAP SAHEL NIGER EUBAM RAFAH Palestinian Territories EUTM MALI EUPOL COPPS EUPOL Afghanistan Palestinian Territories EUCAP SAHEL Mali EUNAVFOR Somalia ATALANTA EUMAM RCA EUPOL RD Since 2015 CONGO Military Operations Civilian Missions EUSEC RD CONGO EUTM SOMALIA EUCAP NESTOR

Confidence Building Measures: Typical elements addressed by EU The Link to Security and Defence • • • Advancement of Human Rights Humanisation of Criminal Justice Youth education People diplomacy, dialogue & policy research Improved livelihoods/increased resilience of vulnerable communities Cultural cooperation Ethnic minorities Women’s empowerment Humanitarian assistance and health care Community Mobilization Capacity Building

Example of EU support to a UN Development Programme Location : Republic of Moldova (including Transnistria) • Sector: Civilian peace-building, conflict prevention and resolution • EU Contribution: € 9, 500, 000. 00 (100% of total) • Initiated and funded by the EU ''CBM III'' for Eastern Partnerships • This project fostered cooperation between Moldova and its Transnistrian region in the fields of: • 1) Business development • 2) Social and community infrastructures, Health, Environment • 3) Civil society

CSDP Option: March 2016 – EUCAP SAHEL Joint Seminar on Confidence Building Between the Malian Security Forces and the Civilian Population 2 day seminar with Civil Society and the Internal Security Forces of Mali "Building Trust and to improve synergies and confidence" • • Roles of police during arrests Presumption of Innocence Balance of secrecy and security Transparency in Press reporting

EU approach to CBMs in the cyber domain In a resolution on Cyber Security and Defence (2012), the European Parliament called on the Commission, EEAS and Member States to take a leading role in international organisations' in efforts to achieve a common understanding of norms of behaviour • 2013 EU Cyber Security Strategy – better European and Global cyber security • 2015 Cyber Diplomacy Council Conclusions – support for norms of behaviour • Promoting Cyber Norms, CBMs and the existing International Law (IHL) • 2016 EU support for Cyber Security in OSCE and ARF • Cyber dialogues with China, Japan, India, South Korea, Brazil and the USA • Cyber Capacity Building to address cybercrime with the Council of Europe

EU Approach to Cyber Some proposals: • Establish Transparency by exchanging of Information about national organisations, doctrine and strategies • Establish POCs as part of a directory • Agree mechanisms and procedures for consultation and communication during crises • Fully back de-escalation, but prepare measures to control escalation

Brussels: Consensus – a strength worth pursuing Luang Pradang: Confidence – a measure worth Building