A boon to mammalians Dr Gauri Bapat CHARACHTERISTICS

A boon to mammalians Dr Gauri Bapat

CHARACHTERISTICS

Mammary gland - A modified sweat gland Development starts at puberty and completes after pregnancy and lactation At puberty- growth of fibro fatty tissue During pregnancyhypertrophy and hyperplasia of glanduloalveolar tissue

Mammogenesis Galactopoiesis Physiology Of Lactation Galactopoiesis Lactogenesis

CLINICAL CHANGES DURING PREGNANCY (MAMMOGENESIS) 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. Size increases Appearance of clear pale yellow serous fluid Montegomery’s tubercles - enlarged sebaceous glands around areola Appearance of secondary areola Increased vascularity and bluish discoloration under skin Stretching of skin and striae formation

First 2 days—colostrum – deep yellow, serous fluid, alkaline, rich in proteins; vit. A; antibodies Milk secretion – 3 rd&4 th postpartum dayquantity 60 ml per no. of postpartum day

Depends on suckling efforts of baby & contractile system around myoepithelial cells of alveoli Milk is forced down into ampulla of lactiferous ducts Reflex called ‘ milk ejection or milk letdown ‘ Inhibited by pain , breast engorgement , psychological factors

• Continuous suckling is essential • Periodic emptying of breast necessary • Suppressed by congestion and emotional disturbances • Proper attachment of baby(latching) to breast on areola at base of it- most important

• Suckling • prolactin • Estrogens • Progesterone • Adrenal steroids • Withdrawal of estrogen &progesteron Mammogenesis Galactopoiesis Lactogenesis Galactokinesis • oxytocin

� � � � � Ideal compatibility for easy digestion Protection against infection and deficiency states Readily available, sterile and at body temperature Convenient , no cost Acts as a natural contraceptive Laxative action No allergy Psychological bonding Helps involution of uterus Advantages � Less freedom for working women � Increased chances of breast complications � Chances of breast milk jaundice Disadvantages

� Preparation during antenatal period —nipple care, maintenance of cleanliness, psychological counseling � first feed—within first hour after birth � Demand feeding � Proper position of mother and babycradle, sitting, lying on one side(lateral) � Feeding on one breast completely for at least 10 min followed by other breast � Burping ( breaking the wind)

� Well balanced diet –high protein , extra calories, rich in calcium and iron � Plenty of fluids –water , milk , soups etc. � High fiber content- to avoid constipation � Lots of fruits & vegetables � Avoid smoking � All drugs to be taken carefully as they may pass to baby

� Reluctance � Following operative delivery � Maternal illnesses � Inadequate milk secretion � Breast ailments � Due to mother � Low birth weight � Congenital malformations like cleft lip � Temporary illnesses � Over distension of fetal stomach due to swallowed air Due to baby

Cracked nipples Breast abscess