A 2019 The polar bear is found in

A (2019·全国Ⅰ卷) The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 61. that they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62. poorly(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there about 20, 000 -25, 000 polar bears worldwide.

Modern methods 63. of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980 s, and are expensive 64. to perform(perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65. have reported(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66. belief (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67. noting(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68. higher(high) than they actually are. Of 69. the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70. are(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

B (2018·全国Ⅰ卷) According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live longer three years 　61 　(long) than non-runners. You don’t have to see to run fast or for long 　62 　(see) the benefit. You may dying drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 　63 　 (die) early by running. While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review is than says it 　64　(be) more effective at lengthening life 　65 　 　 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also that/which made a study published in 2014 　66　 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and causes early deaths from all 　67　 (cause).

The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise. . . it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on strengthen soft surfaces, do exercises to 　68　 (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is energetic cheap, easy and it’s always 　69 　(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits it as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 　70　 a try.

C (2017·全国Ⅰ卷) There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the as medical community(医学界) 　61　 a method of fighting heart effects disease, has had some unintended side 　62　 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 　 to process 63 　 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 　 64 are removed 　 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing a something. As 　65　 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 　66　 (bad), the amount of worse is fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 　67　 (be) full of fat eating and salt; by 　68　 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your careful food. However, be 　69　 (care) not to go to extremes. Like which anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 　70　 is not good for the health.

形式一 形式二 练习 1(2018·全国Ⅱ卷) The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64. to improve(improve) water quality. 解析: 此处是不定式做目的状语, 故填to improve。句意: 政府鼓励 农民种植玉米而非稻米, 目的是改善水质。 练习 2(2016·全国Ⅲ卷) Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63. to create(create) special designs. 解析: 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知此处应用动词不定式 形式做目的状语。 练习 3 Keep holding(hold) your position for a while. 解析: keep后接动词-ing形式做宾语。故此空应该填holding。

形式一 形式二 练习 7(2016·全国甲卷) If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 69. to bring (bring) your work home. 解析: 考查固定句型中动词不定式的应用。sb. be less likely to do sth. “某人不太可能做某事”, 故此处要用动词不定式形式。 练习 8(2017·全国Ⅲ卷) But unlike her school friends, 16 -year-old Sarah is not spending halfterm 61. 　resting　(rest). 解析: 考查非谓语动词。spend. . . (in) doing sth. 为固定结构, 表示“ 花费……做某事”, 故此空填resting。

形式一 形式二 (2)修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子本身——用副词 练习 2(2017·全国Ⅲ卷) It is 70. certainly(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. 解析: 考查副词。此处用副词certainly修饰形容词fun。 练习 3(2016·全国Ⅲ卷) Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 66. 　 gradually　(gradual) turned into chopsticks. 解析: 考查副词。动词词组turn into应该用副词修饰。gradual是 形容词, 其副词形式为gradually。 练习 4 Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and 　softly　(soft). 解析: 空格处与naturally是并列结构, 因此用副词形式, 修饰整个句 子。

形式一 形式二 练习 1(2017·全国Ⅰ卷) worse Even 　66　 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 解析: 考查比较级。根据前面的even可知, 所填词要用比较级, 故 用worse。 练习 2(2016·全国Ⅱ卷) If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step greater back and identify (识别) those of 　61 　(great) and less importance. 解析: 考查形容词。根据后面的and less importance 可知此处要用 比较级形式, 故用greater。

形式一 形式二 练习 1(2016·全国Ⅲ卷)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 67. who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B. C. , influenced the development of chopsticks. 解析: 考查定语从句。根据对逗号前后内容的分析可以看出空格 处所在句子为非限制性定语从句, 其先行词Confucius 指人, 故用 who引导该定语从句, 并且在从句中做主语。 练习 2 I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and it gets there almost in a second. 解析: and连接前后两个句子, and后面的句子缺主语, 应填名词或 代词; 结合前一分句不难推知, “马上可到达那里”的是a message, 替 代a message用代词it。

形式一 形式二 练习 3(2015·广东卷)Now it occurred to 25. him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. 解析: 句意: 现在看来好像他的农场是非常有潜能的, 奶牛的死也 似乎给他带来了好运气。It occurred to sb. that. . . “某人突然发现 ……”, 这是一个固定的句型, 且由后面的“his”可知应填him。 练习 4 Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area and the welfare department brought them food, clothes and shelter. 解析: 由brought可知, 空处做bring 后复合宾语中的间接宾语, 结合 句意可知, 此处用them代指前面的people。

形式一 形式二 练习 1(2017·全国Ⅲ卷) Instead, she is earning ￡ 6, 500 a day as 62. 　a　 model in New York. 解析: 考查冠词。model为可数名词, 其前应该有限定词, 此处as a model表示“作为一名模特”。 练习 2(2016·全国Ⅰ卷)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70. the other is with Mum—she never suspects. 解析: 根据前面出现的代词one可知, 此处用定冠词the修饰other, 特指两个中的“另一个”。

形式一 形式二 练习 3(2018·全国Ⅱ卷) Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62. the past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. 解析: 考查冠词。根据句意可知, 此处特指“过去的25年”, 故应用 定冠词the表示特指。

形式一 形式二 练习 3(2017·全国Ⅰ卷) Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70. 　which　 is not good for the health. 解析: 分析句子结构可知, 此处用which引导非限制性定语从句。

A (2019·四川绵阳一诊) Adam Braun established the organization Pencils of Promise in 2008. Its goal is 1. 　to make　(make) sure all children have a chance for education. It all started when he was a college student. Adam Braun was visiting India when 2. 　a　 girl stopped him on the street and asked for money. He asked her what she desired 3. most(much) of all in the world. Astonishingly, her answer was “a pencil”. The girl had never been to school before, and that was the 4. reality (real) for 57 million children around the world.

After graduation, Adam Braun never forgot the girl and the problem of 5. 　hers　(her). “We live in a world in which every single child can have access 6. 　to　 quality education. So I was determined to create schools in other places 7. 　where　 children are hungry for education. ”Adam Braun began to raise money for his project through social media. “We are working hard to make sure that the programs are not just beautiful photos and videos of children, but that we’re 8. actually(actual) seeing amazing results in the classroom. That’s why our 9. kids(kid) in Pencils of Promise schools progress fast from one grade to the next, ”Braun said. Since then, it 10. 　has helped　(help) more than 22, 000 children in Africa, Asia and Latin America.

B (2018·湖北八市联考) I’ve recently started working in a unit for people with severe dementia(痴呆). Many have different physical needs as well as complex behavioral problems 1. 　　as　　 a consequence of their dementia. Very few of these patients are able to communicate in any 2. 　meaningful　(meaning) way, and most no longer recognize their family. It’s 3. 　impossible　(possible) not to be touched by this. A few weeks ago, I sat in a meeting with Mr Redley. His wife 4. 　 had become　(become) a patient for the past four years. She advanced dementia and could be violent, and she frequently screamed, 5. although/because she was unable to speak. She was in her sixties and used to be a costume designer. Her husband sat calmly while we reviewed his wife’s case.

We thought she was getting 6. 　worse　(bad) and still needed continuing care. He spoke about 7. 　what　 she’d been like before she became ill, but suddenly his voice shook and I realized he was about to cry. After a while, he calmed down and explained: “It’s so hard to see her now. She’s not there anymore. I feel 8. 　particularly　 (particular) guilty about having not taken good care of her. ” His wife was already dead. 9. 　The　 person who’d been the love of his life was now gone. We tried to tell him that he should move on and have a new life of his own, 10. 　convincing　(convince) him to take a trip to relax. The look of relief in his eyes when he realized we understood his pain is one I’ll never forget.

C (2016·安徽合肥第一次质检) Sammy Armstrong was driving to his office when he 1. 　　noticed 　　 (notice) a car was stuck on railroad tracks. Then he heard a train whistle. Sammy threw down his sunglasses and keys and ran toward the car. 2. 　An　 elderly man, Jean Papich, eighty-four, sat in the driver’s seat, 3. 　　turning　　 (turn) the key and hitting the gas. His wife, Marion, seventy-eight, was looking 4. nervously (nervous) at him. Then Sammy walked 5. 　　behind　　 the car and pushed it forward, but his boots slipped on the warm asphalt(沥青). He could see the train approaching fast.

It might be 6. easier (easy) to push the car backward, Sammy thought. He ran around to the front of the vehicle and shouted at Jean 7. to put (put) the car in neutral (空挡). Sammy could feel the ground trembling under his feet. He put his boots against the track and pushed forcefully. Finally, the car rolled off the tracks. When Sammy looked up, the train was just a couple of 8. feet (foot) away. Sammy, shocked and 9. speechless (speech), went back to work as the crowd gathered at the scene. Weeks later, Marion called to thank Sammy. He responded, “I just did 10. what I had to do. ”

D I am a junior in high school. There is a lady at my school 1. 　whose 　 job is to hand out call slips(借书单)and prevent students from leaving campus 2. 　without　 permission. Before today I had never seen her smile. The other day my friends and I were eating in the cafeteria and I saw her 3. 　walking　 (walk) around. When she came 4. closer (close) to us I could see that she was crying. She pulled out a tissue and quickly wiped her eyes. I thought to myself that this lady was so under-appreciated(未被赏识的) and needed recognizing for all her hard work. So I 5. wrote(write) a note telling her that the students appreciated everything she did and 6. that her contribution to our school made a difference in all of our lives.

I signed it “some thankful students” and slipped it into 7. 　an　 envelope. Then I realized I didn’t even know her name. I asked all of my professors but no one knew her name. I finally went to ask the lady at student services and 8. 　was told　 (tell) that her name was Kathy. I brought her a bunch of 9. 　colorful　(color) sunflowers and taped the envelope to it. I brought the flowers to school and left 10. them (they) in her office. She came into my third period class shortly afterwards to deliver a call slip, and there it was a smile on her face!