9192021 TU 170 Learning Online Prepared By M

Section 3 – Computing With Confidence (Cont. ) ü ü ü § § § Becoming a skilled learner Working with words Creating your pictures Working with numbers & graphs Storing and finding information Creating an integrated document 9/19/2021 TU 170 Learning Online( Prepared By: M. Hussein Y. Mansoour) Copyright 2005© ITC 2

Working with numbers & graphs using (Excel Spreadsheet) Uses: § Entering, manipulating and storing sets of data § Performing complex calculations § Generating graphs out of data Types of data that can be stored in spreadsheets: § Constant : like numbers, dates, text, currency, etc § Variable: Formulas which are constructed by performing functions like sum, average, min, max, count, etc. 9/19/2021 TU 170 Learning Online( Prepared By: M. Hussein Y. Mansoour) Copyright 2005© ITC 3

Formatting data § You can do all the formatting options that are allowed in the word processors (e. g. bold, italic, etc) § Data types can be further formatted, e. g. a number can be an integer (with no decimal point) or a percentage with the % sign. Likewise, dates can be further formatted to select short date or long date, etc. § Data is arranged in rows and columns with rows being identified by numbers and columns being identified by letters. 9/19/2021 TU 170 Learning Online( Prepared By: M. Hussein Y. Mansoour) Copyright 2005© ITC 4

Terms used § Cell : Basic storage unit. § It is the intersection of a row and column. § The proper way of addressing cells, e. g. A 10 and B 7 are considered to be valid addresses, while 3 N and 66 M are illegal cell references. § Active cell : The currently selected cell. § Block : Range of selected cells. 9/19/2021 TU 170 Learning Online( Prepared By: M. Hussein Y. Mansoour) Copyright 2005© ITC 5

Terms used (Cont. ) § Workbook : Your excel file that consists of all your spreadsheets or worksheets § Formula bar : The white bar below the toolbar, which shows the contents of your active cell. 9/19/2021 TU 170 Learning Online( Prepared By: M. Hussein Y. Mansoour) Copyright 2005© ITC 6

Formulas & Functions § The greatest benefit of spreadsheets is the automatic recalculation feature. § A formula cell is created by performing actions on another cell or range of cells. § The benefit of using formulas is that if you need to change any cell content in the range used by the formula, then the content of the formula cell will be automatically updated. § A formula always start with =. Otherwise it will be a constant value which does not change. 9/19/2021 TU 170 Learning Online( Prepared By: M. Hussein Y. Mansoour) Copyright 2005© ITC 7

Formulas & Functions (Cont. ) § Notice that the addresses used by formulas are relative addresses. This means that if you copy that formula to another cell, then the formula will be applied to the new set of cells whose addresses are just relative to the original ones. For example: § If you make a formula to sum the first 5 cells in column A. (i. e. in the range from A 1: A 5) and put its value in A 6, then if you copy A 6 to B 6, then the value at B 6 will be the summation of cells which are in the range B 1: B 5. § Examples of possible functions used to create a formula cell are : SUM, AVERAGE, MIN, MAX, If-then-Else (which is used to perform tests), etc. 9/19/2021 TU 170 Learning Online( Prepared By: M. Hussein Y. Mansoour) Copyright 2005© ITC 8

Formulas & Functions (Cont. ) § § Formulas can be done in more than one way. For example, to sum the first 5 cells in column A, you can write this in one of the following two ways: 1. =A 1+A 2+A 3+A 4+A 5 2. =sum(A 1: A 5) You can copy formulas from one cell to another exactly in the same way you copy the contents of normal cells. This can be done by any of the following methods: 1. Copy and paste 2. Using the Fill command 3. Drag the cell(s) 9/19/2021 TU 170 Learning Online( Prepared By: M. Hussein Y. Mansoour) Copyright 2005© ITC 9

Charts § Charts allow you to present data entered into the worksheet in a visual format using a variety of graph types. Before you can make a chart you must first enter data into a worksheet. § The main chart types that can be used in spreadsheets are: § Bar chart § Usually useful to illustrate multiple comparisons such as sales, expenses and production activities § They are represented by rectangular areas up to the height of the points being plotted, creating a set of bars 9/19/2021 TU 170 Learning Online( Prepared By: M. Hussein Y. Mansoour) Copyright 2005© ITC 10

Charts (Cont. ) § Line graphs § Useful for showing trends or cycles over a period of time, especially when you have many values or complex data § They automatically scale the x-axis and y-axis to keep the graph proportional to your data § Each dot or symbol on a line graph represents a data point § Pie chart § They represent just a single value for each variable to show various values make up a whole § The whole amount of the variable (e. g. student distribution over programs) is represented by a circle § Each wedge of the pie represents a value § Best used to show proportions for different variables 9/19/2021 TU 170 Learning Online( Prepared By: M. Hussein Y. Mansoour) Copyright 2005© ITC 11

Databases § A database is a collection of tables interrelated by means of relationship. The data is organized in a manner that can be easily retrieved. § Advantages of databases over spreadsheets, § Less storage space, due to reduced redundancy § Faster data retrieval § Data integrity : Files are accurate and up to date 9/19/2021 TU 170 Learning Online( Prepared By: M. Hussein Y. Mansoour) Copyright 2005© ITC 12

Structure of a database § A database consists of a set of files or tables § Each table consists of a set of records with identical structure (same number and type of fields) § Each record consists of a set of fields related to a single object, e. g. a student or employee § A field is the basic unit in any database. It is a property of your database object (e. g. a student) and consists of a name and data type, e. g. employee name, which is clearly of a text data type. § A special field called the primary key, uniquely identifies each record in a table. It is the basic for constructing the relationships between tables and hence performing queries on the related tables. 9/19/2021 TU 170 Learning Online( Prepared By: M. Hussein Y. Mansoour) Copyright 2005© ITC 13

Set of Database Terms § Query : Request to the database to retrieve data that meets certain criteria. The more conditions you specify, the more restricted (fewer records) will be your result. § Form : User interface that can be used to enter, edit and view records § Report : Used to print data from the database along with statistics of your wish. You can retrieve data, but you cannot enter data from within reports. 9/19/2021 TU 170 Learning Online( Prepared By: M. Hussein Y. Mansoour) Copyright 2005© ITC 14

Databases Packages § Examples of Database packages are : MS Access, dbase, File maker, etc. § Examples of databases around us: § Our university DB § Company DB. § The database in your operating system that manipulates the files and folders (makes Find command feasible) § Phonebook database § Spreadsheet, as a very primitive flat database. 9/19/2021 TU 170 Learning Online( Prepared By: M. Hussein Y. Mansoour) Copyright 2005© ITC 15

Operations done on Databases § Create and maintain the database (Add, delete and modify data) § Extract and list data that meets certain criteria (performing queries) § Sorting data in an ascending or descending order § Generate formatted reports with subtotals and totals 9/19/2021 TU 170 Learning Online( Prepared By: M. Hussein Y. Mansoour) Copyright 2005© ITC 16

Integrated Documents § An integrated document is a document in which elements of different software types are mixed, e. g. a word document with an image § Example of Integrated package is your MS office § Different ways of linking documents: § Copy and paste § Drag and drop, provided the two documents are opened and created by software belonging to the same family § Import or insert (embedding) § Linking § Hyperlink 9/19/2021 TU 170 Learning Online( Prepared By: M. Hussein Y. Mansoour) Copyright 2005© ITC 17

Integrated Documents (Cont. ) q Notice that embedded documents should be manually opened and updated in order for the embedding document to get updated, whereas the linking document is automatically updated when the linked document is updated. TMA 02 9/19/2021 TU 170 Learning Online( Prepared By: M. Hussein Y. Mansoour) Copyright 2005© ITC 18