9 Respiratory System Lesson 9 1 Functions Anatomy

9 Respiratory System Lesson 9. 1: Functions & Anatomy Lesson 9. 2: Mechanics & Control Lesson 9. 3: Disorders & Diseases

Chapter 9: The Respiratory System Lesson 9. 1 Respiratory System Functions and Anatomy

Anatomy of the Respiratory System • Nose • Nasal cavity • Pharynx • Larynx • Trachea • Bronchi • Lungs © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Anatomy of the Respiratory System © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Anatomy of the Respiratory System • Nose – Nares • Nasal Cavity – Conchae – Palate – Sinuses © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Anatomy of the Respiratory System • Pharynx – Tonsils • Larynx – Epiglottis • Trachea – C rings © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Anatomy of the Respiratory System • Bronchi – Primary bronchi – Bronchioles – Alveoli • Surfactant • Pores of Kohn – Alveolar capillary membrane © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Anatomy of the Respiratory System • Lungs – Mediastinum cavity – Apex – Pleural Sac • Parietal pleura • Visceral pleura © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

The Upper Respiratory Tract © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Chapter 9: The Respiratory System Lesson 9. 2 Respiration: Mechanics and Control

Respiration: Mechanics and Control • • Respiration Non-respiratory air maneuvers Control of breathing Lung volume © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Respiration • Aka: breathing • Air always moves from a higher pressure area to a lower pressure area • Four key tasks involved in respiration: – – Pulmonary ventilation External respiration Respiratory gas transport Internal respiration © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Respiration • Boyle’s Law – As the volume of a gas increases, the pressure of the gas decreases © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Respiration • Inspiration (Inhalation) – Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract – Thoracic cavity expands • Expiration (Exhalation) – Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax – Thoracic cavity shrinks © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Respiration © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Nonrespiratory Air Maneuvers © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Control of Breathing • Neural Factors – Pons and medulla oblongata • Chemical Factors – Central chemoreceptors – Peripheral chemoreceptors – Mechanoreceptors © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Control of Breathing © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Lung Volume • Static – Air volume in lungs • Dynamic – Air volume in lungs based on time © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Static Lung Volume • • Tidal volume Vital capacity Residual volume Functional residual capacity Inspiratory reserve volume Expiratory reserve volume Total lung capacity © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

© Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Dynamic Lung Volume • Forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Chapter 9: The Respiratory System Lesson 9. 3 Respiratory Disorders and Diseases

Respiratory Disorders and Diseases • • • Upper respiratory tract illnesses Lower respiratory tract illnesses Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases Asthma Lung cancer © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Upper Respiratory Tract Illnesses © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Upper Respiratory Tract Illnesses • Avoiding URIs – Cover when sneezing and coughing – Wash hands – Don’t touch hands to eyes, nose, mouth • Influenza – Vaccine © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Lower Respiratory Tract Illnesses • Acute Bronchitis – Inflammation • Pneumonia – Infection • Tuberculosis – Infection © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases • Causes – Smoking • Living with COPD – Stop smoking – Purse-lipped breathing © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases • Emphysema – Decreased lung surface area – Pink puffers • Chronic bronchitis – Inflammation obstructs airways – Blue bloaters © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Asthma • Asthma Attack – – Inflamed and narrowed airways Bronchospasms Caused by allergens or irritants Treatment relaxes muscles to expand airways © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.

Lung Cancer • More deaths from lung cancer than other cancers • Non-small cell lung cancer – More common lung cancer • Small cell lung cancer – Less common lung cancer © Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.