9 Buckling Fig 11 5 Columns with pinned

9장 기둥의 좌굴(Buckling) Fig. 11 -5 Columns with pinned ends: (a) ideal column; (b) buckled shape; and (c) axial force P and bending moment M acting at a cross section.

Fig. 11 -8 Buckled shapes for an ideal column with pinned ends: (a) initially straight column; (b) buckled shape for n = 1; and (c) buckled shape for n = 2.

Critical loads, effective lengths, and effective-length factors for ideal columns.

Diagram of average compressive stress P/A versus slenderness ration L/r.

Graph of Euler’s curve (from Eq. 11 -16) for structural steel with E = 30 X 103 ksi and spl = 36 ksi.